{ lib }:

rec {
  # gcc.arch to its features (as in /proc/cpuinfo)
  features = {
    # x86_64 Generic
    # Spec: https://gitlab.com/x86-psABIs/x86-64-ABI/
    default = [ ];
    x86-64 = [ ];
    x86-64-v2 = [
      "sse3"
      "ssse3"
      "sse4_1"
      "sse4_2"
    ];
    x86-64-v3 = [
      "sse3"
      "ssse3"
      "sse4_1"
      "sse4_2"
      "avx"
      "avx2"
      "fma"
    ];
    x86-64-v4 = [
      "sse3"
      "ssse3"
      "sse4_1"
      "sse4_2"
      "avx"
      "avx2"
      "avx512"
      "fma"
    ];
    # x86_64 Intel
    nehalem = [
      "sse3"
      "ssse3"
      "sse4_1"
      "sse4_2"
    ];
    westmere = [
      "sse3"
      "ssse3"
      "sse4_1"
      "sse4_2"
    ];
    silvermont = [
      "sse3"
      "ssse3"
      "sse4_1"
      "sse4_2"
    ];
    sandybridge = [
      "sse3"
      "ssse3"
      "sse4_1"
      "sse4_2"
      "avx"
    ];
    ivybridge = [
      "sse3"
      "ssse3"
      "sse4_1"
      "sse4_2"
      "avx"
    ];
    haswell = [
      "sse3"
      "ssse3"
      "sse4_1"
      "sse4_2"
      "avx"
      "avx2"
      "fma"
    ];
    broadwell = [
      "sse3"
      "ssse3"
      "sse4_1"
      "sse4_2"
      "avx"
      "avx2"
      "fma"
    ];
    skylake = [
      "sse3"
      "ssse3"
      "sse4_1"
      "sse4_2"
      "aes"
      "avx"
      "avx2"
      "fma"
    ];
    skylake-avx512 = [
      "sse3"
      "ssse3"
      "sse4_1"
      "sse4_2"
      "aes"
      "avx"
      "avx2"
      "avx512"
      "fma"
    ];
    cannonlake = [
      "sse3"
      "ssse3"
      "sse4_1"
      "sse4_2"
      "aes"
      "avx"
      "avx2"
      "avx512"
      "fma"
    ];
    icelake-client = [
      "sse3"
      "ssse3"
      "sse4_1"
      "sse4_2"
      "aes"
      "avx"
      "avx2"
      "avx512"
      "fma"
    ];
    icelake-server = [
      "sse3"
      "ssse3"
      "sse4_1"
      "sse4_2"
      "aes"
      "avx"
      "avx2"
      "avx512"
      "fma"
    ];
    cascadelake = [
      "sse3"
      "ssse3"
      "sse4_1"
      "sse4_2"
      "aes"
      "avx"
      "avx2"
      "avx512"
      "fma"
    ];
    cooperlake = [
      "sse3"
      "ssse3"
      "sse4_1"
      "sse4_2"
      "aes"
      "avx"
      "avx2"
      "avx512"
      "fma"
    ];
    tigerlake = [
      "sse3"
      "ssse3"
      "sse4_1"
      "sse4_2"
      "aes"
      "avx"
      "avx2"
      "avx512"
      "fma"
    ];
    alderlake = [
      "sse3"
      "ssse3"
      "sse4_1"
      "sse4_2"
      "aes"
      "avx"
      "avx2"
      "fma"
    ];
    sapphirerapids = [
      "sse3"
      "ssse3"
      "sse4_1"
      "sse4_2"
      "aes"
      "avx"
      "avx2"
      "avx512"
      "fma"
    ];
    emeraldrapids = [
      "sse3"
      "ssse3"
      "sse4_1"
      "sse4_2"
      "aes"
      "avx"
      "avx2"
      "avx512"
      "fma"
    ];
    sierraforest = [
      "sse3"
      "ssse3"
      "sse4_1"
      "sse4_2"
      "aes"
      "avx"
      "avx2"
      "fma"
    ];
    # x86_64 AMD
    btver1 = [
      "sse3"
      "ssse3"
      "sse4_1"
      "sse4_2"
    ];
    btver2 = [
      "sse3"
      "ssse3"
      "sse4_1"
      "sse4_2"
      "aes"
      "avx"
    ];
    bdver1 = [
      "sse3"
      "ssse3"
      "sse4_1"
      "sse4_2"
      "sse4a"
      "aes"
      "avx"
      "fma"
      "fma4"
    ];
    bdver2 = [
      "sse3"
      "ssse3"
      "sse4_1"
      "sse4_2"
      "sse4a"
      "aes"
      "avx"
      "fma"
      "fma4"
    ];
    bdver3 = [
      "sse3"
      "ssse3"
      "sse4_1"
      "sse4_2"
      "sse4a"
      "aes"
      "avx"
      "fma"
      "fma4"
    ];
    bdver4 = [
      "sse3"
      "ssse3"
      "sse4_1"
      "sse4_2"
      "sse4a"
      "aes"
      "avx"
      "avx2"
      "fma"
      "fma4"
    ];
    znver1 = [
      "sse3"
      "ssse3"
      "sse4_1"
      "sse4_2"
      "sse4a"
      "aes"
      "avx"
      "avx2"
      "fma"
    ];
    znver2 = [
      "sse3"
      "ssse3"
      "sse4_1"
      "sse4_2"
      "sse4a"
      "aes"
      "avx"
      "avx2"
      "fma"
    ];
    znver3 = [
      "sse3"
      "ssse3"
      "sse4_1"
      "sse4_2"
      "sse4a"
      "aes"
      "avx"
      "avx2"
      "fma"
    ];
    znver4 = [
      "sse3"
      "ssse3"
      "sse4_1"
      "sse4_2"
      "sse4a"
      "aes"
      "avx"
      "avx2"
      "avx512"
      "fma"
    ];
    znver5 = [
      "sse3"
      "ssse3"
      "sse4_1"
      "sse4_2"
      "sse4a"
      "aes"
      "avx"
      "avx2"
      "avx512"
      "fma"
    ];
    # LoongArch64
    # https://github.com/loongson/la-toolchain-conventions
    loongarch64 = [
      "fpu64"
    ];
    la464 = [
      "fpu64"
      "lsx"
      "lasx"
    ];
    la664 = [
      "fpu64"
      "lsx"
      "lasx"
      "div32"
      "frecipe"
      "lam-bh"
      "lamcas"
      "ld-seq-sa"
    ];
    "la64v1.0" = [
      "fpu64"
      "lsx"
    ];
    "la64v1.1" = [
      "fpu64"
      "lsx"
      "div32"
      "frecipe"
      "lam-bh"
      "lamcas"
      "ld-seq-sa"
    ];
    # other
    armv5te = [ ];
    armv6 = [ ];
    armv7-a = [ ];
    armv8-a = [ ];
    mips32 = [ ];
    loongson2f = [ ];
  };

  # a superior CPU has all the features of an inferior and is able to build and test code for it
  inferiors =
    let
      withInferiors = archs: lib.unique (archs ++ lib.flatten (lib.attrVals archs inferiors));
    in
    {
      # x86_64 Generic
      default = [ ];
      x86-64 = [ ];
      x86-64-v2 = [ "x86-64" ];
      x86-64-v3 = [ "x86-64-v2" ] ++ inferiors.x86-64-v2;
      x86-64-v4 = [ "x86-64-v3" ] ++ inferiors.x86-64-v3;

      # x86_64 Intel
      # https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc/x86-Options.html
      nehalem = [ "x86-64-v2" ] ++ inferiors.x86-64-v2;
      westmere = [ "nehalem" ] ++ inferiors.nehalem;
      sandybridge = [ "westmere" ] ++ inferiors.westmere;
      ivybridge = [ "sandybridge" ] ++ inferiors.sandybridge;

      haswell = lib.unique (
        [
          "ivybridge"
          "x86-64-v3"
        ]
        ++ inferiors.ivybridge
        ++ inferiors.x86-64-v3
      );
      broadwell = [ "haswell" ] ++ inferiors.haswell;
      skylake = [ "broadwell" ] ++ inferiors.broadwell;

      skylake-avx512 = lib.unique (
        [
          "skylake"
          "x86-64-v4"
        ]
        ++ inferiors.skylake
        ++ inferiors.x86-64-v4
      );
      cannonlake = [ "skylake-avx512" ] ++ inferiors.skylake-avx512;
      icelake-client = [ "cannonlake" ] ++ inferiors.cannonlake;
      icelake-server = [ "icelake-client" ] ++ inferiors.icelake-client;
      cascadelake = [ "cannonlake" ] ++ inferiors.cannonlake;
      cooperlake = [ "cascadelake" ] ++ inferiors.cascadelake;
      tigerlake = [ "icelake-server" ] ++ inferiors.icelake-server;
      sapphirerapids = [ "tigerlake" ] ++ inferiors.tigerlake;
      emeraldrapids = [ "sapphirerapids" ] ++ inferiors.sapphirerapids;

      alderlake = [ "skylake" ] ++ inferiors.skylake;
      sierraforest = [ "alderlake" ] ++ inferiors.alderlake;

      # x86_64 AMD
      # TODO: fill in specific CPU architecture inferiors
      btver1 = [ "x86-64" ];
      btver2 = [ "x86-64-v2" ] ++ inferiors.x86-64-v2;
      bdver1 = [ "x86-64-v2" ] ++ inferiors.x86-64-v2;
      bdver2 = [ "x86-64-v2" ] ++ inferiors.x86-64-v2;
      bdver3 = [ "x86-64-v2" ] ++ inferiors.x86-64-v2;
      bdver4 = [ "x86-64-v3" ] ++ inferiors.x86-64-v3;
      # Regarding `skylake` as inferior of `znver1`, there are reports of
      # successful usage by Gentoo users and Phoronix benchmarking of different
      # `-march` targets.
      #
      # The GCC documentation on extensions used and wikichip documentation
      # regarding supperted extensions on znver1 and skylake was used to create
      # this partial order.
      #
      # Note:
      #
      # - The successors of `skylake` (`cannonlake`, `icelake`, etc) use `avx512`
      #   which no current AMD Zen michroarch support.
      # - `znver1` uses `ABM`, `CLZERO`, `CX16`, `MWAITX`, and `SSE4A` which no
      #   current Intel microarch support.
      #
      # https://www.phoronix.com/scan.php?page=article&item=amd-znver3-gcc11&num=1
      # https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc/x86-Options.html
      # https://en.wikichip.org/wiki/amd/microarchitectures/zen
      # https://en.wikichip.org/wiki/intel/microarchitectures/skylake
      znver1 = [ "skylake" ] ++ inferiors.skylake; # Includes haswell and x86-64-v3
      znver2 = [ "znver1" ] ++ inferiors.znver1;
      znver3 = [ "znver2" ] ++ inferiors.znver2;
      znver4 = lib.unique (
        [
          "znver3"
          "x86-64-v4"
        ]
        ++ inferiors.znver3
        ++ inferiors.x86-64-v4
      );
      znver5 = [ "znver4" ] ++ inferiors.znver4;

      # ARM64 (AArch64)
      armv8-a = [ ];
      "armv8.1-a" = [ "armv8-a" ];
      "armv8.2-a" = [ "armv8.1-a" ] ++ inferiors."armv8.1-a";
      "armv8.3-a" = [ "armv8.2-a" ] ++ inferiors."armv8.2-a";
      "armv8.4-a" = [ "armv8.3-a" ] ++ inferiors."armv8.3-a";
      "armv8.5-a" = [ "armv8.4-a" ] ++ inferiors."armv8.4-a";
      "armv8.6-a" = [ "armv8.5-a" ] ++ inferiors."armv8.5-a";
      "armv8.7-a" = [ "armv8.6-a" ] ++ inferiors."armv8.6-a";
      "armv8.8-a" = [ "armv8.7-a" ] ++ inferiors."armv8.7-a";
      "armv8.9-a" = [ "armv8.8-a" ] ++ inferiors."armv8.8-a";
      armv9-a = [ "armv8.5-a" ] ++ inferiors."armv8.5-a";
      "armv9.1-a" = [
        "armv9-a"
        "armv8.6-a"
      ] ++ inferiors."armv8.6-a";
      "armv9.2-a" = lib.unique (
        [
          "armv9.1-a"
          "armv8.7-a"
        ]
        ++ inferiors."armv9.1-a"
        ++ inferiors."armv8.7-a"
      );
      "armv9.3-a" = lib.unique (
        [
          "armv9.2-a"
          "armv8.8-a"
        ]
        ++ inferiors."armv9.2-a"
        ++ inferiors."armv8.8-a"
      );
      "armv9.4-a" = [ "armv9.3-a" ] ++ inferiors."armv9.3-a";

      # ARM
      cortex-a53 = [ "armv8-a" ];
      cortex-a72 = [ "armv8-a" ];
      cortex-a55 = [
        "armv8.2-a"
        "cortex-a53"
        "cortex-a72"
      ] ++ inferiors."armv8.2-a";
      cortex-a76 = [
        "armv8.2-a"
        "cortex-a53"
        "cortex-a72"
      ] ++ inferiors."armv8.2-a";

      # Ampere
      ampere1 = withInferiors [
        "armv8.6-a"
        "cortex-a55"
        "cortex-a76"
      ];
      ampere1a = [ "ampere1" ] ++ inferiors.ampere1;
      ampere1b = [ "ampere1a" ] ++ inferiors.ampere1a;

      # LoongArch64
      loongarch64 = [ ];
      "la64v1.0" = [ "loongarch64" ];
      la464 = [ "la64v1.0" ] ++ inferiors."la64v1.0";
      "la64v1.1" = [ "la64v1.0" ] ++ inferiors."la64v1.0";
      la664 = withInferiors [
        "la464"
        "la64v1.1"
      ];

      # other
      armv5te = [ ];
      armv6 = [ ];
      armv7-a = [ ];
      mips32 = [ ];
      loongson2f = [ ];
    };

  /**
    Check whether one GCC architecture has the the other inferior architecture.

    # Inputs

    `arch1`
    : GCC architecture in string

    `arch2`
    : GCC architecture in string

    # Type

    ```
    hasInferior :: string -> string -> bool
    ```

    # Examples
    ::: {.example}
    ## `lib.systems.architectures.hasInferior` usage example

    ```nix
    hasInferior "x86-64-v3" "x86-64"
    => true
    hasInferior "x86-64" "x86-64-v3"
    => false
    hasInferior "x86-64" "x86-64"
    => false
    ```
  */
  hasInferior = arch1: arch2: inferiors ? ${arch1} && lib.elem arch2 inferiors.${arch1};

  /**
    Check whether one GCC architecture can execute the other.

    # Inputs

    `arch1`
    : GCC architecture in string

    `arch2`
    : GCC architecture in string

    # Type

    ```
    canExecute :: string -> string -> bool
    ```

    # Examples
    ::: {.example}
    ## `lib.systems.architectures.canExecute` usage example

    ```nix
    canExecute "x86-64" "x86-64-v3"
    => false
    canExecute "x86-64-v3" "x86-64"
    => true
    canExecute "x86-64" "x86-64"
    => true
    ```
  */
  canExecute = arch1: arch2: arch1 == arch2 || hasInferior arch1 arch2;

  predicates =
    let
      featureSupport = feature: x: builtins.elem feature features.${x} or [ ];
    in
    {
      sse3Support = featureSupport "sse3";
      ssse3Support = featureSupport "ssse3";
      sse4_1Support = featureSupport "sse4_1";
      sse4_2Support = featureSupport "sse4_2";
      sse4_aSupport = featureSupport "sse4a";
      avxSupport = featureSupport "avx";
      avx2Support = featureSupport "avx2";
      avx512Support = featureSupport "avx512";
      aesSupport = featureSupport "aes";
      fmaSupport = featureSupport "fma";
      fma4Support = featureSupport "fma4";
      lsxSupport = featureSupport "lsx";
      lasxSupport = featureSupport "lasx";
    };
}