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# A global S-trough potential stability
CHAPTER 2.2
Let us now consider in the most general form the ***entire S-interval of the*** Universe from \\(10^{-33}\\) cm to \\(10^{28}\\) cm from the standpoint of large-scale dynamics. For this purpose, let us return to the previously proposed scheme (see Fig. 1.7). Recall that, ***according to the author's HYPOTHESIS, the three main types of interaction divide the S-interval of the Universe into three identical sections*** (see Fig. 1.9).
## GLOBAL SCALE TROUGH OF POTENTIAL stability
Let us now consider in the most general form the ***entire S-interval of the*** Universe from the standpoint of large-scale dynamics. For this purpose, let us return to the previously proposed scheme (see Fig. 1.7). Recall that, ***according to the author's*** HYPOTHESIS***, the three main types of interaction divide the S-interval of the Universe into three identical sections*** (see Fig. 1.9).
Let's pay attention to the fact that on the right plot (B-C) dominating GRAVITATION forces create mutual ***attraction of*** all objects. ***There are no gravitational forces of repulsion.*** Hence, it is easy to conclude that the right site (*hereinafter referred to as the slope*) is dominated by gathering tendencies, in which the objects converge and are ***concentrated*** in space. As a result, the initial material system shrinks and becomes smaller.
Within the logic of scale dynamics, it follows that the LEFT VECTOR of M-Force dominates on the right third of the S-interval of the Universe, which tends to move all systems along the S-axis to the left (recall once again that a decrease in size corresponds to the movement of the system along the S-axis to the left, and an increase \- to the right). In passing, recall that such a process can proceed both with a change in the density of the initial components and without a change in their density. For example, a diffuse nebula is compressed under the influence of gravitational forces. At the same time, its density increases. The density of atoms, molecules and dust particles, of which it consists, remains unchanged. At a certain stage of compression, its central region turns into a star, and peripheral \- into planets. The atoms, molecules, and dust particles in the planets have essentially the same initial density. In principle, there is little change in the density of these components inside the star as well. Therefore, this whole stage can be called the ***assembly stage***, although for the whole diffuse nebula this process can be called ***compression***.
Let's pay attention to the fact that on the right plot (B-C) dominating GRAVITATION forces create mutual ***attraction of*** all objects. ***There are no gravitational forces of repulsion.*** Hence, it is easy to conclude that the right site (*hereinafter referred to as the slope*) is dominated by gathering tendencies, in which the objects converge and are ***concentrated*** in space. As a result, the initial material system shrinks and becomes smaller.
Within the logic of scale dynamics, it follows that the LEFT VECTOR of M-Force dominates on the right third of the S-interval of the Universe, which tends to move all systems along the S-axis to the left (recall once again that a decrease in size corresponds to the movement of the system along the S-axis to the left, and an increase \- to the right). In passing, recall that such a process can proceed both with a change in the density of the initial components and without a change in their density. For example, a diffuse nebula is compressed under the influence of gravitational forces. At the same time, its density increases. The density of atoms, molecules and dust particles, of which it consists, remains unchanged. At a certain stage of compression, its central region turns into a star, and peripheral \- into planets. The atoms, molecules, and dust particles in the planets have essentially the same initial density. In principle, there is little change in the density of these components inside the star as well. Therefore, this whole stage can be called the ***assembly stage***, although for the whole diffuse nebula this process can be called ***compression***.
The process after the death of a star is somewhat different. Gravitational forces compress its core to a white dwarf (WD), or to a neutron star (NS), or to a black hole (BH).
In the first case, the density of atoms increases by orders of magnitude because the volume of atoms sharply decreases when they are compressed. In BH, the ***atomic structure of the substance is*** practically destroyed. In the second case, the density increases by many orders of magnitude more, because the matter of NS is a solid "mush" of nucleons. In NS the ***nuclear structure of matter is*** already destroyed.
In the third case, the density of matter increases by many orders of magnitude and the nucleons themselves are destroyed. Practically, in BH the ***matter structure is*** destroyed, because at such monstrous pressures and densities no elementary particle can "survive". One can BELIEVE that BHs consist of only maximon.
In the third case, the density of matter increases by many orders of magnitude and the nucleons themselves are destroyed. Practically, in BH the ***matter structure is*** destroyed, because at such monstrous pressures and densities no elementary particle can "survive". One can BELIEVE that BHs consist of only maximon.
The above examples allow us to emphasize once again the fact that ***gravitation, if it is not counteracted by other forces, leads to only one process \- compression, and consequently \- to the motion of the system along the S-axis from right to left***.
Let us now turn to consideration of the trends dominating in the middle section of the S-interval (A-B). Here ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERACTIONS predominantly "work". Since in the case of identical charges the systems repel each other, and in the case of different charges \- attract, it can be stated that in the middle section of the Macro-interval two S-vectors \- ***left and right \-*** "work". The left one reflects the situation with attraction of two different charges, and the right one \- with pushing of two identical charges. Any macro body can have either a *predominantly positive* charge or a *predominantly negative* charge. Therefore, these two vectors are characteristic for the whole section of the Macro-interval.
Let us now turn to the left, Micro Interval (0-A). Here, as we have already shown earlier, exclusively weak interactions dominate. Recall that "...the main "profession" of weak interactions is not the creation of forces, but the realization of ***decays*** (*italics mine \- S. S.*) of particles "\*. I.e. on the left edge of the S-interval of the Universe the tendencies connected with ***deconcentration***, with expansion of objects dominate. It is obvious that this process can be compared to the RIGHT S-VECTOR.
Let us now turn to consideration of the trends dominating in the middle section of the S-interval (A-B). Here ELECTROMAGNETIC INTERACTIONS predominantly "work". Since in the case of identical charges the systems repel each other, and in the case of different charges \- attract, it can be stated that in the middle section of the Macro-interval two S-vectors \- ***left and right \-*** "work". The left one reflects the situation with attraction of two different charges, and the right one \- with pushing of two identical charges. Any macro body can have either a *predominantly positive* charge or a *predominantly negative* charge. Therefore, these two vectors are characteristic for the whole section of the Macro-interval.
Let us now turn to the left, Micro Interval (0-A). Here, as we have already shown earlier, exclusively weak interactions dominate. Recall that "...the main "profession" of weak interactions is not the creation of forces, but the realization of ***decays*** (*italics mine \- S. S.*) of particles" (Shirokov Yu. M., Yudin N. P. Nuclear Physics. Moscow: Nauka, 1972\. С. 356\.). I.e. on the left edge of the S-interval of the Universe the tendencies connected with ***deconcentration***, with expansion of objects dominate. It is obvious that this process can be compared to the RIGHT S-VECTOR.
In general, the whole picture of dominant trends can be naturally represented as the GLOBAL POTENTIAL S-Trough OF stability OF THE UNIVERSE, or S-Trough (see Fig. 2.22).
What is the convenience of such a MODEL? Because in it the tendencies to contraction or expansion are modeled by tendencies to roll down of systems, to a more stable state, to the center of the S-interval. A ball on the ***left*** slope of the S-Trough will tend to roll to the right, while its size increases (e.g., a particle is decaying). The ball on the ***right*** slope of the S-trough will tend to roll to the left, at that its sizes will decrease (for example, there is a collapse of the star's core).
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
![](./media/image126.jpg)
\* Shirokov Yu. M., Yudin N. P. Nuclear Physics. Moscow: Nauka, 1972\. С. 356\.
![C:\\Users\\Alex\\Desktop\\MGB with text\\Сухонос МГВ С ТЕКСТОМ 91 шт\\2.22.jpg][image88]
Fig. 2.22. Global S \- Trough of Potential stability (STPS) on the S-Axis of the Universe, showing transitions between different types of interaction (*simplified model*)
*Fig. 2.22. Global S-Trough of Potential stability (STPS) on the S-Axis of the Universe, showing transitions between different types of interaction (simplified model)*
In the central part of the S-interval, the ball can be in an oscillatory state (pulsating, disintegrating- reassembling, etc.).
It is very important to note that practically only one principle was used in constructing the model of the global S-Trough of the Universe \- the PRINCIPLE OF SCALE SYMMETRY. In this case, the ***mirror axis of symmetry*** is the axis passing through the S \- Center of the Universe \- SCU.
In addition, we note that on a narrow half-order band \- at the junction of the Microinterval and Macrointerval \- the strong interactions dominate, which are mainly responsible for the ***compression of*** nucleons in atomic nuclei. Their vector is opposite to the vector of weak forces.
At the junction of the Macro-interval and Mega-interval, as we suggested earlier, the ***pushing*** forces of the FIFTH force unknown to science may act, also on a narrow strip of half-order.
It is very important to note that practically only one principle was used in constructing the model of the global S-Trough of the Universe \- the PRINCIPLE OF SCALE SYMMETRY. In this case, the ***mirror axis of symmetry*** is the axis passing through the S \- Center of the Universe \- SCU.
In addition, we note that on a narrow half-order band \- at the junction of the Microinterval and Macrointerval \- the strong interactions dominate, which are mainly responsible for the ***compression of*** nucleons in atomic nuclei. Their vector is opposite to the vector of weak forces.At the junction of the Macro-interval and Mega-interval, as we suggested earlier, the ***pushing*** forces of the FIFTH force unknown to science may act, also on a narrow strip of half-order.
##### **So, we can PROVE that** *any process occurring with increasing size on the left slope can find a mirror antipode on the right slope occurring with decreasing size***.**
**So, we can PROVE that any process occurring with increasing size on the left slope can find a mirror antipode on the right slope occurring with decreasing size.**
The question arises: are there *only* processes of compression and connection of systems on the right slope? Certainly, if only gravitation acts, it would be so. But the thing is that in the Universe the ***process of compression, as a rule, is balanced by the process of expansion***. Any star would instantly shrink under the influence of gravitational forces, if it were not for the internal pressure caused by the processes going on at the level of the microcosm (the left third of the S-interval). Any planet would be compressed by gravity to a minuscule size, but the force of electromagnetic repulsion between atoms prevents this from happening. Conversely, the overabundance of internal forces of the microcosm sometimes leads to such grandiose explosions that not only star systems but also galaxies fly apart (see Fig. 2.21). This collapse of such large systems, their "disintegration", goes on the right slope, goes against gravity, against the general tendency, and therefore it occurs explosively, catastrophically, instantly. Using the principle of ***mirror symmetry***, we can PROPOSE that on the left slope there can also occur a catastrophic (almost instantaneous) process with the opposite sign \- the ***collapse of particles***.
#### *FREE RETREAT*
### FREE RETREAT
Thus, if gravitational forces are responsible exclusively for the compression of matter, and weak forces are responsible for its decay, then the electromagnetic forces quite logically share the processes of ***compression-expansion*** (attraction-repulsion). Let us consider once again the *model S \- Trough of Potential stability* *for the Metagalaxy* (see Fig. 2.22).
Thus, if gravitational forces are responsible exclusively for the compression of matter, and weak forces are responsible for its decay, then the electromagnetic forces quite logically share the processes of ***compression-expansion*** (attraction-repulsion). Let us consider once again the *model S-Trough of Potential stability* *for the Metagalaxy* (see Fig. 2.22).
On the large-scale "territory" of weak (pushing) forces we see a small strip of very actively ***compressing*** forces \- ***strong interactions***. If we accept the principle of mirror scale symmetry, we can find a place for the hypothetical ***fifth force***, which should be responsible for the pushing ***of*** hypothetical gravitational clones in the nuclei of stars and planets. Conditionally speaking, these are "***strong antigravity***" interactions. At closer examination it turns out that the obtained scale scheme surprisingly resembles the well-known oriental scheme of forces: Yin-Yang.
After all, the symbols YIN and YANG bear a semantic load very close to the problem under consideration. Thus, YIN among other things, is expansion. YANG is compression220. In addition, YIN is inside, space, bottom, woman... and YANG is outside, time, top, man (see Fig. 2.23).
After all, the symbols YIN and YANG bear a semantic load very close to the problem under consideration. Thus, YIN among other things, is expansion. YANG is compression[^ref-220]. In addition, YIN is inside, space, bottom, woman... and YANG is outside, time, top, man (see Fig. 2.23).
If we consider the S-axis traditionally vertically, then the heavens and the cosmos will be at the top, and the microcosm will be at the bottom. If a human being is placed on a point of his size \- 102 cm, then everything that will be below this point can be referred to his ***inner*** world, as it contains cellular, molecular, atomic and other levels. Everything that will be above this point \- will have to do with the ***external*** world of a person. Isn't it true that many things coincide? Inside the substance there are weak (***female***) forces responsible for ***expansion***, they dominate at the bottom of the S-axis. Outside of man there are gravitational (***masculine***) forces responsible ***for contraction***, they dominate at the top of the S-axis. At the same time, the female forces appear lower than the male forces on the S-axis in exact correspondence with the location of the "female point" on it \- the average height of women is lower than that of men, so the female point on the S-axis is slightly lower than the male point. The most interesting thing consists that on space of Yin forces there is a small Yang spot responsible for compression \- ***strong interactions***. Then, according to the principle of mirror symmetry, there should be a symmetrical narrow spot of some pushing antigravity forces on the space of Yang forces (see Fig. 2.23).
If we consider the S-axis traditionally vertically, then the heavens and the cosmos will be at the top, and the microcosm will be at the bottom. If a human being is placed on a point of his size \- \\(10^2\\) cm, then everything that will be below this point can be referred to his ***inner*** world, as it contains cellular, molecular, atomic and other levels. Everything that will be above this point \- will have to do with the ***external*** world of a person. Isn't it true that many things coincide? Inside the substance there are weak (***female***) forces responsible for ***expansion***, they dominate at the bottom of the S-axis. Outside of man there are gravitational (***masculine***) forces responsible ***for contraction***, they dominate at the top of the S-axis. At the same time, the female forces appear lower than the male forces on the S-axis in exact correspondence with the location of the "female point" on it \- the average height of women is lower than that of men, so the female point on the S-axis is slightly lower than the male point. The most interesting thing consists that on space of Yin forces there is a small Yang spot responsible for compression \- ***strong interactions***. Then, according to the principle of mirror symmetry, there should be a symmetrical narrow spot of some pushing antigravity forces on the space of Yang forces (see Fig. 2.23).
![C:\\Users\\Alex\\Desktop\\MGB with text\\Сухонос МГВ С ТЕКСТОМ 91 шт\\R223.jpg][image89]
![](./media/image130.jpg)
Fig. 2.23. Global S- Trough of potential stability on the S- Axis of the Universe showing transitions between different interaction forces.
*Fig. 2.23. Global S- Trough of potential stability on the S- Axis of the Universe showing transitions between different interaction forces.*
So, we see that a detailed study of the role of interactions on various scales unwittingly leads science to an ancient esoteric scheme, with the ability to make predictions about a fifth force as yet unknown to it.
But that's not all. There is a well-known philosophical principle: ***extremes converge***. It has a confirmation for the S-Trough as well. In the region of sizes smaller than 10-33 cm, *according to M. A. Markov's model*, we get into another Universe, and consequently, we enter the world of gravitational forces, but inside another Universe. On the other hand, our Universe is, according to M. A. Markov, just a maximon for the metauniverse, which again will stimulate expansion and sprawl in its microcosm. Hence, from gravitation we pass to quasi-weak forces of this metauniverse.
But that's not all. There is a well-known philosophical principle: ***extremes converge***. It has a confirmation for the S-Trough as well. In the region of sizes smaller than \\(10^{-33}\\) cm, *according to M. A. Markov's model*, we get into another Universe, and consequently, we enter the world of gravitational forces, but inside another Universe. On the other hand, our Universe is, according to M. A. Markov, just a maximon for the metauniverse, which again will stimulate expansion and sprawl in its microcosm. Hence, from gravitation we pass to quasi-weak forces of this metauniverse.
If we do not use the exotic model of M. A. Markov, but rely only ***on the calculated force*** ratio221 , we will also see that at the size of the maximon ***gravity again becomes significant***\! Gravitation, which becomes negligibly small already on the scales of 10-13 cm as we dive into the microcosm, suddenly revives like a phoenix from the ashes after diving 20 orders of magnitude further\!
If we do not use the exotic model of M. A. Markov, but rely only ***on the calculated force*** ratio[^ref-221], we will also see that at the size of the maximon ***gravity again becomes significant***\! Gravitation, which becomes negligibly small already on the scales of \\(10^{-13}\\) cm as we dive into the microcosm, suddenly revives like a phoenix from the ashes after diving 20 orders of magnitude further\!
##### **So, it is possible that,** *having closed the* S-Loop*, gravitation from its limiting size of 1028 cm reappears, but already in the microcosm, inverting into its opposite \- the "pushing" forces.*
So, it is possible that, ***having closed the S-Loop, gravitation from its limiting size of \\(10^{28}\\) cm reappears, but already in the microcosm, inverting into its opposite \- the "pushing" forces***.
For the size of the Metagalaxy, *according to M. A. Markov's model, an* inversion can occur \- the Metagalaxy becomes a maximon for the Universe of the next scale level (if its scale "scope" is similar to the "scope" of our Universe, its size will be amazingly large in our metric \- 1089 cm).
For the size of the Metagalaxy, *according to M. A. Markov's model, an* inversion can occur \- the Metagalaxy becomes a maximon for the Universe of the next scale level (if its scale "scope" is similar to the "scope" of our Universe, its size will be amazingly large in our metric \- \\(10^{89}\\) cm).
So, in general, a general trend is realized in the Universe:
* in the left third of the S-axis, ***weak forces*** tend to scatter matter through space (repulsion and division forces prevail);
* in the left third of the S-axis, ***weak forces*** tend to scatter matter through space (repulsion and division forces prevail);
* these weak forces find their mirror counteraction in the right third of the S-axis, where ***gravitational*** forces have only one sign \- attraction;
* in the central third of the S-axis, the two tendencies are intermixed: the ***electromagnetic*** forces have both the sign of attraction and repulsion.
The obtained model of the global S-Trough leads to the idea of a simple principle uniting three forces in the Universe. These three forces are just components of ONE UNIVERSAL LARGE-SCALE FORCE or S \- UNIVERSAL FORCE (SUF).
@ -77,17 +67,19 @@ To go further, let's put forward the following HYPOTHESIS.
There is a constant BIRTH of NEW PARTICLES OF Matter in the Universe due to the action of Weak Forces..
Through what and how this process can take place, we will look at the following sections.
Through what and how this process can take place, we will look at the following sections.
It follows from the new HYPOTHESIS that from the ***left*** slope of the S-Trough all new systems possessing the kinetic energy of scattering from the center of "injection" are ***constantly "rolling down".*** They may well skip by "inertia" the center of the S-Trough and get to the ***right*** slope, from where they may roll back, being compressed by gravitation. In such a model, it is as if the S-Pendulum is working. The potential limiting amplitude of oscillations for all the matter of the Universe is no less than 61 orders of magnitude. All this can be represented in the form of a purely *mechanical model of a* ball arrangement on a smooth surface of the S-Troughs, having lowered it from one edge, we will get a constant oscillation of the ball near the center of stability. The complete cycle of such ***oscillation*** forms as if a ***scale loop*** (S-Loop) (Fig. 2.24).
##### ***How to combine this model with the previously discussed S-THROUGHs of each scale class?***
***How to combine this model with the previously discussed S-THROUGHs of each scale class?***
There is only one option: to consider the general SYNTHESIS-DIVISION MODEL AS FRACTAL. Then the S \- GLOBAL TROUGH (SGT) is the ***first*** upper level, the NUMBERED S-TROUGHs are the ***second level,*** on the surface of the numbered S-TROUGHs there can exist their local S-TROUGHs of the third level (see Fig. 2.25). Due to this structure, a potentially possible global universal S-CYCLE is split into many local S-CYCLEs, which can be represented as local S-TROUGHs.
There is only one option: to consider the general SYNTHESIS-DIVISION MODEL AS FRACTAL. Then the S \- GLOBAL TROUGH (SGT) is the ***first*** upper level, the NUMBERED S-TROUGHs are the ***second level,*** on the surface of the numbered S-TROUGHs there can exist their local S-TROUGHs of the third level (see Fig. 2.25). Due to this structure, a potentially possible global universal S-CYCLE is split into many local S-CYCLEs, which can be represented as local S-TROUGHs.
***Fractality*** creates a much more complex multistage, cascade process of substance transformation during its movement in S-TROUGHS. Simple schemes of numbered S-TROUGHs are just one slice of a complex multilevel phenomenon.
![C:\\Users\\Alex\\Desktop\\Сухонос МГВ БЕЗ ТЕКСТА 72 шт\\2.24.jpg][image90]
![](./media/image143.jpg)
Fig. 2.24. The general dynamics of the Universe can be represented by a closed S-Loop. Vacuum-born particles, flying in different directions, gather back due to gravitation, which can eventually lead to the formation of a black hole consisting of primary maxima. In the same way the Universe, expanding from a primary particle, can return back to the initial state (model of the Pulsating Universe with a Bounce)
*Fig. 2.24. The general dynamics of the Universe can be represented by a closed S-Loop. Vacuum-born particles, flying in different directions, gather back due to gravitation, which can eventually lead to the formation of a black hole consisting of primary maxima. In the same way the Universe, expanding from a primary particle, can return back to the initial state (model of the Pulsating Universe with a Bounce)*
If we leave the model representations and go to the three-dimensional images familiar to us, we can build the following picture. *From the depths of matter (from the microcosm) all new substance is constantly bursting out (created from maximon) and all new energy is flowing out (potential energy of the maximon connection is released) \- the points of space seem to exude substance and energy from themselves, scattering them around.*
@ -97,184 +89,119 @@ Now let us describe this process using the model of the global S-Trough. The phy
In general, in the microcosm there is a constant growth of the size of systems due to expansion, due to the connection of small particles into larger ones. "Born" particles ***do not appear out of nothing***, they are formed in the course of a complex "construction" of maximons on invisible for us floors of matter (in Dirac's basement). The ***moment of their birth*** is only a ***transition by*** them through the boundary of our knowledge, through the horizon of the microcosm, through that horizon, the passage through which from the bottom to the top makes matter a substance in our usual sense.
#### *METHODOLOGICAL DEPARTURE*
### METHODOLOGICAL DEPARTURE
Here it is necessary to define the terminology. Hereinafter we will call as ***matter*** everything that consists ***of maximons***. Matter will be divided (rather conditionally) into two types: ***matter*** and ***ether***.
Here it is necessary to define the terminology. Hereinafter we will call as ***matter*** everything that consists ***of maximons***. Matter will be divided (rather conditionally) into two types: ***matter*** and ***ether***.
By ***ether*** we will understand a ***medium of maximon***. By ***matter*** we will understand ***stable constructions from maximon,*** the density of which is ***lower than the surrounding ether***.
At the other large-scale edge of the Universe, the opposite process is going on. ***Everything that is scattered by the microcosm is collected by the megamir,*** it strives to return everything to the center of the S \- Trough of Potential stability. Both processes are accompanied by the release of energy, because ANY decrease of CAPACITY (height) in the S-Trough is accompanied by the release of free energy.
At the other large-scale edge of the Universe, the opposite process is going on. ***Everything that is scattered by the microcosm is collected by the megamir,*** it strives to return everything to the center of the S-Trough of Potential stability. Both processes are accompanied by the release of energy, because ANY decrease of CAPACITY (height) in the S-Trough is accompanied by the release of free energy.
![C:\\Users\\Alex\\Desktop\\MGB with text\\Сухонос МГВ С ТЕКСТОМ 91 шт\\R225.jpg][image91]
![](./media/image118.jpg)
Fig. 2.25. The surface of the global S- trough at closer examination can appear ***fractal, i.e***. covered with secondary, tertiary, etc. troughs of stability. Therefore, any dynamics in the Universe can have a cascade-stage, quantum character
*Fig. 2.25. The surface of the global S- trough at closer examination can appear ***fractal, i.e***. covered with secondary, tertiary, etc. troughs of stability. Therefore, any dynamics in the Universe can have a cascade-stage, quantum character*
Both processes can not stop in the SCU, but by inertia skip the lower stability point, i.e. both processes can go through, through all levels of the Universe structure, towards each other, and these processes are peculiar for all levels of scales (without exception), for all kinds of systems. But due to the fact that in a number of systems these two global processes are hidden in the depths of structural levels, they may not be directly observed.
There are, however, such levels of organization of the Universe at which these processes manifest themselves visually. Then S-Loop has a vivid natural embodiment.
There are, however, such levels of organization of the Universe at which these processes manifest themselves visually. Then S-Loop has a vivid natural embodiment.
For example, ***large-scale loops*** can be observed on the surface of the Sun. These are prominences, or giant emissions of the Sun's excess energy, which is released due to processes occurring at the deep levels of its matter structure (see Fig. 2.27A).
![](./media/image128.jpg)
![][image92]
Fig. 2.26. Matter in the range from 10-15 cm to 1028 cm is perceived by science as a material Universe, while in the Dirac basement, in the range from 10-33 to 10-15 cm, it is perceived as an unstructured non-material substance \- vacuum, which is a conductor of all kinds of fields. But, most likely, this basement has its own complex hierarchical dispersed structure, which is not perceived as such because it is "behind" the large-scale horizon of penetration of human cognition
*Fig. 2.26. Matter in the range from \\(10^{-15}\\) cm to \\(10^{28}\\) cm is perceived by science as a material Universe, while in the Dirac basement, in the range from \\(10^{-33}\\) to \\(10^{-15}\\) cm, it is perceived as an unstructured non-material substance \- vacuum, which is a conductor of all kinds of fields. But, most likely, this basement has its own complex hierarchical dispersed structure, which is not perceived as such because it is "behind" the large-scale horizon of penetration of human cognition*
If one examines the life of the Sun over a long enough period of time, it will be seen that it is all surrounded by a layer of prominences \- fountains of matter and energy that fly out from inside the star and back again.
Together, the prominences form a kind of energy-matter "coat" around the Sun (see Fig. 2.27B). Each individual prominence is a magnificent symbol of the M-loop. Such "fountaining" should be a common phenomenon for all stars.
A B
![](./media/pic2.27.jpg)
*Figure 2.27.*
![C:\\Users\\Alex\\Desktop\\Сухонос МГВ БЕЗ ТЕКСТА 72 шт\\2.27а.jpg][image93] ![C:\\Users\\Alex\\Desktop\\Сухонос МГВ БЕЗ ТЕКСТА 72 шт\\2.27.jpg][image94]
*А. A giant prominence on the Sun. Such an ejection of matter from the Sun ends mostly with its fall back, although some of the matter and radiation escapes into open space.*
Figure 2.27.
*B. If we "view" the Sun "through the camera" for a sufficiently large period of time, it will appear that the Sun is all covered with giant emissions forming loops around it. They can be called a material "coat" of the Sun (by analogy with a "coat" of virtual particles around, for example, a proton). A system, from the surface of which the material jets spout, will look as if clothed in a virtual "coat" during a long exposition*
А. A giant prominence on the Sun. Such an ejection of matter from the Sun ends mostly with its fall back, although some of the matter and radiation escapes into open space.
"Fontaning" is also observed in elementary particles. All particles are "dressed" in "coats" of other virtual particles. This means that each particle emits from itself other particles, which immediately return back and disappear. These fountains of virtual particles form "coats" around them. Thus, an electron is dressed in a "coat" of virtual electrons, positrons and photons; a nucleon is dressed in a "coat" of virtual pions, nucleon-antinucleon pairs and other strongly interacting particles[^ref-222].
B. If we "view" the Sun "through the camera" for a sufficiently large period of time, it will appear that the Sun is all covered with giant emissions forming loops around it. They can be called a material "coat" of the Sun (by analogy with a "coat" of virtual particles around, for example, a proton). A system, from the surface of which the material jets spout, will look as if clothed in a virtual "coat" during a long exposition
"Fountains" and every point of "empty" space \- vacuum. Vacuum is continuously "boiling" with virtual particles, which are born and immediately disappear in the "void".
"Fontaning" is also observed in elementary particles. All particles are "dressed" in "coats" of other virtual particles. This means that each particle emits from itself other particles, which immediately return back and disappear. These fountains of virtual particles form "coats" around them. Thus, an electron is dressed in a "coat" of virtual electrons, positrons and photons; a nucleon is dressed in a "coat" of virtual pions, nucleon-antinucleon pairs and other strongly interacting particles222.
![](./media/image168.jpg)
"Fountains" and every point of "empty" space \- vacuum.  Vacuum is continuously "boiling" with virtual particles, which are born and immediately disappear in the "void".
*Fig. 2.28. Photograph of the nebula M87 \= NGC 4486, which is the nucleus of the radio galaxy Virgo-A. The discrete ejection of matter from the galaxy nucleus can be clearly seen when photographing it in a different way*
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![](./media/image166.jpg)
Fig. 2.28. Photograph of the nebula M87 \= NGC 4486, which is the nucleus of the radio galaxy Virgo-A. The discrete ejection of matter from the galaxy nucleus can be clearly seen when photographing it in a different way
*Fig. 2.29. Photograph of the galaxy M51. At the end of one of the spirals, a small galaxy companion is visible, which may well be an outburst from the active nucleus of this galaxy*
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There is an assumption[^ref-223] that exactly this process is responsible for the vacuum temperature \- 2.7 K (so-called ***relic radiation***). So if for particles the process of birth from "emptiness" is virtual, then for energy, manifested in the vacuum temperature, is quite real\!
Fig. 2.29. Photograph of the galaxy M51. At the end of one of the spirals, a small galaxy companion is visible, which may well be an outburst from the active nucleus of this galaxy
S-Loops can also be found ***on the galactic scale floor***. The nuclei of galaxies occasionally erupt with excess energy and eject jets and clots of matter (see Fig. 2.28). Due to gravity, these clots return back to the nucleus. If the ejection force exceeds a certain threshold, then so much matter and energy is ejected from the nucleus that a new galaxy is born (see Fig. 2.29).
There is an assumption223 that exactly this process is responsible for the vacuum temperature \- 2.7 K (so-called ***relic radiation***). So if for particles the process of birth from "emptiness" is virtual, then for energy, manifested in the vacuum temperature, is quite real\!
S-Loops can also be found ***on the galactic scale floor***. The nuclei of galaxies occasionally erupt with excess energy and eject jets and clots of matter (see Fig. 2.28). Due to gravity, these clots return back to the nucleus. If the ejection force exceeds a certain threshold, then so much matter and energy is ejected from the nucleus that a new galaxy is born (see Fig. 2.29).
***On other floors of*** matter S-Loops are realized, apparently, according to a more complicated scheme. But, in general, it is obvious that energy and matter are bursting out of the depths of matter in its various material forms, which creates in the Universe a ***constant "pressure" from the lower levels of its structural structure***. From the upper levels, gravity presses, which prevents matter from dispersing throughout the "empty" space and which forms planets, stars and galaxies from matter.
According to some models 224 , the mass of the Universe is such that gravitational forces will not let it fly apart finally, and sooner or later the great return of matter to the starting point will begin. The Universal M-loop will bend, and the motion of matter will reverse \- the Universe will pass from the expansion stage to the contraction stage (see Fig. 2.23). Therefore, the ***most global scale loop*** can be considered to be the supposed cycle of the Universe: FROM THE BIG EXPLOSION FROM THE POINT TO THE EXPANSION AND BACK TO THE POINT. Of course, the whole Big Bang model is highly *hypothetical,* despite its many proponents in cosmology. We only show here that the S-loop has a ***theoretical possibility to be realized*** for the whole Universe.
According to some models[^ref-224], the mass of the Universe is such that gravitational forces will not let it fly apart finally, and sooner or later the great return of matter to the starting point will begin. The Universal M-loop will bend, and the motion of matter will reverse \- the Universe will pass from the expansion stage to the contraction stage (see Fig. 2.23). Therefore, the ***most global scale loop*** can be considered to be the supposed cycle of the Universe: FROM THE BIG EXPLOSION FROM THE POINT TO THE EXPANSION AND BACK TO THE POINT. Of course, the whole Big Bang model is highly *hypothetical,* despite its many proponents in cosmology. We only show here that the S-loop has a ***theoretical possibility to be realized*** for the whole Universe.
But if the global S-loop originating in vacuum is only a theoretically admissible version, which cannot be checked, the existence of local fragments of M-loops in the form of ***white and black holes is*** confirmed by some astronomical observation 225. While the *former eject matter outwards*, the *latter,* on the contrary, *absorb it* \- so that it becomes invisible for an external observer.
How do ***black holes*** appear? When the gravitational forces are no longer counteracted by the internal pressure of the "burned out" star, if the mass of the star is greater than 2.5 solar masses, the core of the star shrinks to the size of the gravitational radius (about 106 cm) and goes beyond the event horizon226. What happens inside with the matter can only be guessed, here even theoretical
But if the global S-loop originating in vacuum is only a theoretically admissible version, which cannot be checked, the existence of local fragments of M-loops in the form of ***white and black holes is*** confirmed by some astronomical observation[^ref-225]. While the *former eject matter outwards*, the *latter,* on the contrary, *absorb it* \- so that it becomes invisible for an external observer.
calculations are sometimes powerless. In a ***neutron star, the*** density of matter is so great (of the order of 1015 g/cm3) that the electron shells of the atoms are stripped off, leaving solid nucleons compressed into a tight ball. In a ***black star hole, the*** density of matter will be higher by at least three orders of magnitude, and it is obvious that even elementary particles known to science today cannot exist there. In what form the matter will be presented, if the black hole will shrink to a point, as it is supposed by some models227, it is impossible to say at all. In addition to black holes with masses typical of stars, according to astronomers, there are almost certainly ***supermassive black holes*** located in the centers of galaxies.
But if the origin of black holes (BHs) is somehow explainable through gravitational collapse, then what forces of nature can
How do ***black holes*** appear? When the gravitational forces are no longer counteracted by the internal pressure of the "burned out" star, if the mass of the star is greater than 2.5 solar masses, the core of the star shrinks to the size of the gravitational radius (about \\(10^6\\) cm) and goes beyond the event horizon[^ref-226]. What happens inside with the matter can only be guessed, here even theoretical calculations are sometimes powerless. In a ***neutron star, the*** density of matter is so great (of the order of \\(10^{15}\\) g/cm\\(^3\\)) that the electron shells of the atoms are stripped off, leaving solid nucleons compressed into a tight ball. In a ***black star hole, the*** density of matter will be higher by at least three orders of magnitude, and it is obvious that even elementary particles known to science today cannot exist there. In what form the matter will be presented, if the black hole will shrink to a point, as it is supposed by some models[^ref-227], it is impossible to say at all. In addition to black holes with masses typical of stars, according to astronomers, there are almost certainly ***supermassive black holes*** located in the centers of galaxies.
But if the origin of black holes (BHs) is somehow explainable through gravitational collapse, then what forces of nature can generate ***white holes*** (WH) \- remains a mystery. One thing is clear \- a huge amount of matter is born from the "empty" space in the WH. Then we can correlate to WH the ascending branch of S-Loop, and to BH \- the descending one.
The question arises: can there be a closed WH-BH process in the Cosmos, i.e. such a process in which all the matter born earlier in the WH would be pulled down in the BH with time? In this case, we would have a completely closed S-Loop, which would be a local model of the Big Bang. *After all, here almost from a point of space can be born matter, which, filling the void around itself, can turn into a galaxy.* In time, the whole galaxy can gather back to its center, and shrink to the state of the BH.
Such ***pulsation of matter is*** not as fantastic as it may seem at first sight. Many observational data can be interpreted as fragments of this process.
to generate ***white holes*** (WH) \- remains a mystery. One thing is clear \- a huge amount of matter is born from the "empty" space in the WH. Then we can correlate to WH the ascending branch of S-Loop, and to BH \- the descending one.
The question arises: can there be a closed WH-BH process in the Cosmos, i.e. such a process in which all the matter born earlier in the WH would be pulled down in the BH with time? In this case, we would have a completely closed S-Loop, which would be a local model of the Big Bang. *After all, here almost from a point of space can be born matter, which, filling the void around itself, can turn into a galaxy.* In time, the whole galaxy can gather back to its center, and shrink to the state of the BH.
Such ***pulsation of matter is*** not as fantastic as it may seem at first sight. Many observational data can be interpreted as fragments of this process.
From the point of view of modeling processes in the form of S-Loops, the difference between vacuum boiling, proton surface, prominences on the Sun, galactic S-Loop, or global S-Loop consists only in the scale length of S-Loop and its starting point.
\!
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*Fig. 2.30. Scheme of possible formation of different S-Loops. The loops may differ both in length and in the "depth" of nucleation. Shown on the right are four hypothetical large M-loops that could start at the maximon level*
Fig. 2.30. Scheme of possible formation of different S-Loops. The loops may differ both in length and in the "depth" of nucleation.
The latter, however, is likely to be rooted at the lowest structural level of matter, \\(10^{-33}\\) cm, in all cases (see Fig. 2.30).
Shown on the right are four hypothetical large M-loops that could start at the maximon level
Suppose that the substance has collapsed to the ground. If it is to the very bottom, then the excess energy will simply fly away into space and in this place will remain in time a "clean spot" of unperturbed ether, which will not be able to attract anything at all. Exactly to such final should come all black holes according to S. Hawking's version. But are there black holes that absorb everything around them? It should be a "pore in the ether", devoid of structure. We can say - pure matter is matter without structuring by its particles. And why not? Anything can happen in the Universe. If there can be resonant bubbles with the size of \\(10^{-13}\\) cm, there can be resonant bubbles with the size of \\(10^7\\) cm, and so on. "quantized" sizes. Of course, the division of the Universe into our world and the mirror world is a convention. The Universe is unified in these two of its manifestations, but science has so far studied only one of these sides. IT'S TIME TO SEE THE OTHER SIDE OF THE COIN.
The latter, however, is likely to be rooted at the lowest structural level of matter, 10-33 cm, in all cases (see Fig. 2.30).
So, we see that S-Loops are found on all floors of the Universe. They are a vivid example of S-Dynamics. The motion along the S-axis has a whole spectrum of sweeps, which determines the ***length of the S-Loop***. The shortest S-Loops are ***"breaths", where the*** size changes by percentages and fractions of a percent. Next to that are ***"pulsations***,***" a*** prime example being a heartbeat. In pulsations, the object is preserved, its integrity is not altered. The relative magnitude of pulsations can be either very small (e.g., heartbeat) or very large (e.g., - Cepheids, whose size changes up to two times). The author is not aware of pulsations with such a magnitude on the S-axis when the object would preserve its structure when its size changes by a factor of ten or more.
But let's return to metaphysical logic. If in the S \- Trough of Potential stability there is "pushing" of matter on the left (in the microcosm) and attraction of matter on the right (in the megaworld), then one can ask the question: why is everything so organized in nature? The answer is obvious: yes, because if everything were the other way around, there would be no observer to see it all. For, on the contrary, *are the forces of pushing at the mega-level, in the cosmos, and the forces of attraction at the micro-level*. The former would scatter, disperse all matter, in whatever form it appeared. The latter would "remove" everything into vacuum, compressing any object to the smallest possible size. Figuratively speaking, such a universe is a *world of infinitely shrinking into a point of systems*, which at the same time would scatter from each other. Replacing gravity with antigravity would not do our world any good. It is worth realizing such a fantasy in reality, as the Earth together with the dreamer will simply explode like a giant bomb, and its fragments will begin to fly away from each other rapidly into the cold void of space. Somewhere between them will fly and tiny pieces of the author of such a reversed Universe. Not only that, these pieces will be continuously compressed at the micro-level until they shrink into points. Let ***us*** repeat once again: ***our Universe has exactly such a force pattern along the S-axis, which only allows us to exist as its observers and inhabitants***. There is simply no other. However...
#### *METAPHYSICAL DIGRESSION*
At one time, when I realized for the first time the inevitability of the existing distribution of forces along the S-axis and for the first time clearly formulated it, some spirit of contradiction pushed me to the mirror picture of force interactions. And then a hunch struck me.
After all, the variant ***"on the contrary" is probably the physical vacuum,*** or ether, consisting of microparticles collapsing into maximons, the whole aggregate of which disperses in the space of the Universe as an ink drop spreads on the surface of water (see Fig. 2.31). Then we can PROPOSE that MATTER AND VACUUM ARE TWO IMPLEMENTING OTHER SUBSTANCES OF THE UNIVERSE, EACH OF WHICH HAS DIRECTLY OPPOSITE TENDENCIES. And Nature does not have to choose one of the two possibilities \- ***it chooses both\!***
Gravitation compresses the matter in the vacuum, and the vacuum expands together with all the matter (galaxies scattering is not the "scattering" of galaxies themselves, but the ***sprawling of space (ether)*** in which these galaxies are placed). On the left, at the other edge of the S \- Interval of the Universe , in the microcosm, the densification of the ether leads to the birth of new elementary particles and atoms, new matter. The so-called weak interactions lead to the disintegration of particles, the expansion, and the collapse of its structure to the dense state of the ether, to the dense packing of maximon. Consequently, the ether ***space*** in which it is located\* is ***compressed***.
But if space is capable of a holistic physical process of expansion, it must be ***connected***. This leads to such extraordinary conclusions that a separate book will be devoted to them.
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
\* If the vacuum is not a void, but a granular structure of ether, then the substance in it is bubbles, rarefied space. After all, matter and vacuum are antipodes by definition.
Here lies the ***solution of gravitation*** \- bodies are attracted to each other because they experience microstrokes of maximon from all sides, but from the side where the ether is rarefied, there are fewer strikes, so they gradually
"float" towards each other. The ether is more rarefied on the side where there is substance. And the greater the mass of the object, the farther the rarefaction of the ether extends from it. The more mass of the object, the more "pore" in the ether, and the stronger the degree of rarefaction near the object.
That is why ***the more the mass of the system, the stronger is its gravitational attraction.*** Let's leave the detailed consideration of the idea of "gravitation as a result of vacuum density gradient" for the next book. Let's note only that the ***ether*** has, most likely, different phase states, in particular, its representation in the form of incompressible superfluid fine-dispersed medium is allowed, in which the motion of real bodies can be likened to the motion of gas bubbles in liquid.
Here we will only note that, logically, based on the law of scale symmetry, we can come to the conclusion about the possibility of the existence of another world \- our ***mirror world***. Everything that happens in our material world also happens in the other world but with the opposite dynamic sign.
So, the whole metagalactic "blob of ether" is expanding, which astronomers observe in the form of the expansion of the Universe. But not all galaxies are scattering, they have bound to the global etheric structure, they have no independent motion relative to each other. 
![C:\\Users\\Alex\\Desktop\\Сухонос МГВ БЕЗ ТЕКСТА 72 шт\\2.31.jpg][image98]
Fig. 2.31. Scheme of the world which would be opposite to our usual material world. In this world, instead of gravitation, antigravity acts, which leads to the sprawling of space in all directions, and instead of the vacuum radiating excessive energy, there is an all-absorbing substance, in which only compression forces ("microgravity") act at the microlevel. 
They spread relative to each other because the etheric matrix on which they "sit" "spreads". The image of an inflated balloon with a drawing of galaxies on it is appropriate here. Thus, all the paradoxes of the so-called hidden mass of galaxies and violations of Newton's laws of gravitation come from a misunderstanding of the fundamental basis of the Universe.
The essence of the problem is that the location and motion of matter in the Universe primarily (on a global scale) depends on the internal structure of the aether. Its fractal (hierarchically organized, multilevel) grid creates different densities of the Ether. Material structures like stars and galaxies arise, develop, and die in the nodes of the lowest density of this grid. Therefore, their dynamics are largely determined by the global structure of the ether and not by their own mass, which, judging by the mass deficit for galaxies is 10 times less than the necessary barrier, and for clusters of galaxies \- 100 times less than the necessary barrier. The expansion, movement, and reorganization of the global structure of the Metagalaxy leads to the capture of clusters and galaxies. They are like "garbage" on the surface of a river. In some places, the ether is calm, as in a quiet pool, and galaxies just float in it like lilies in a pond. In other places, global streams of ether capture whole clusters of galaxies and involve them in their motion, which is completely impossible to explain, based on traditional astrophysical concepts. All these jets, streams, and rotations on the galactic floor are all markers of aether motion.
So why doesn't modern physics realize this? It is because it is based on experience at the micro level. Where elementary particles interact with each other, other forces, often internal forces, act on them. Let's compare, however, the density of the proton and the Galaxy. The proton has a density of 1015g/cm3, while the Galaxy has a density of about 10-22g/cm3. That's a difference of 37 orders of magnitude\!
It is obvious that the interaction of galaxies with the aether background and protons proceeds differently. In "loose" galaxies all dynamics are determined by the external dynamics of the ether field, in protons \- by their own momentum of motion. Moreover, inside the proton, there is concentrated a gigantic energy of motion of ether particles \- maximon. At an interaction with similar particles, this energy can partially escape outside, which will lead to a sharp change in the kinematics of motion of the proton. Newton's laws of gravitation are written for "sterile" empty space, they do not take into account interaction with etheric inhomogeneous space. Where it is more or less homogeneous, the laws work. But at comparable sizes of the object and inhomogeneity (for example, for galaxies) it is necessary to introduce significant corrections for the influence of these gravitational inhomogeneities.
Let us consider from this position a black hole.
To begin with, any matter is a void in the aether. When a star shrinks to a neutron star, its density increases by an average of 15 orders of magnitude. That means that the competition of voids in the aether has increased by those same 15 orders of magnitude. And because it is all concentrated in a very small volume (on the order of 107 cm), the gradient of change in the density of the aether is very sharp. Although the total mass of the star may be almost unchanged, approaching its mass at a closer distance leads to a significant push of the aether to its surface.
Suppose that the substance has collapsed to the ground. If it is to the very bottom, then the excess energy will simply fly away into space and in this place will remain in time a "clean spot" of unperturbed ether, which will not be able to attract anything at all. Exactly to such final should come all black holes according to S. Hawking's version. But are there black holes that absorb everything around them? It should be a "pore in the ether", devoid of structure. We can say \- pure matter is matter without structuring by its particles. And why not? Anything can happen in the Universe. If there can be resonant bubbles with the size of 10-13 cm, there can be resonant bubbles with the size of 107 cm, and so on. "quantized" sizes. Of course, the division of the Universe into our world and the mirror world is a convention. The Universe is unified in these two of its manifestations, but science has so far studied only one of these sides. IT'S TIME TO SEE THE OTHER SIDE OF THE COIN.
So, we see that S-Loops are found on all floors of the Universe. They are a vivid example of S-Dynamics. The motion along the S-axis has a whole spectrum of sweeps, which determines the ***length of the S-Loop***. The shortest S-Loops are ***"breaths", where the*** size changes by percentages and fractions of a percent. Next to that are ***"pulsations***,***" a*** prime example being a heartbeat. In pulsations, the object is preserved, its integrity is not altered. The relative magnitude of pulsations can be either very small (e.g., heartbeat) or very large (e.g., \- Cepheids, whose size changes up to two times). The author is not aware of pulsations with such a magnitude on the S-axis when the object would preserve its structure when its size changes by a factor of ten or more.
Next come all kinds of ***S-Loops with discontinuities***. A rupture means that the object in the expansion phase ***loses its integrity*** and is dispersed in the environment. In general, the environment returns the matter to go back into the loop. For example, after the explosion of a supernova star, a huge part of the matter is dispersed in space, forming the diffuse matter of the galaxy. Subsequently, this matter participates in the process of compression and the birth of new stars, already richer in heavy elements. Thus, the cycle is completed. In other words, first the star, exploding, expands, while it moves along the S-axis to the right, but its integrity, "individuality", perishes in this process. The matter in this process is dispersed in space. After some time, the same matter (together with other matter) is compressed into a new star, and the cloud fragments into stellar embryos. The matter moves back along the S-axis, to the left. The length of the M-loop for collapsing stars exceeds 5-7 orders of magnitude along the S-axis.
We observe a similar ***picture of discontinuous S-loops*** in the Biosphere. Any organism dies, and the substance of its body is dispersed in the space of the planet. Subsequently, a new organism\* is born from this matter. The expansion to the right along the S-axis from the point of "person" we will call the ***right*** loop. The embryo, gathering around itself the substance from the environment, grows rapidly, moving upward along the S-axis. In the S-diagram, this process can be represented as a left S-loop. If we combine these two processes, we get a kind of S-eight (see Fig. 2.32), which may not always be symmetrical, most likely, its upper loop is always longer than the lower one, and besides, its upper branch has a break. Does not the example with biosystems suggest to us that the birth of new stars must also have an embryo? 
We observe a similar ***picture of discontinuous S-loops*** in the Biosphere. Any organism dies, and the substance of its body is dispersed in the space of the planet. Subsequently, a new organism is born from this matter.
![C:\\Users\\Alex\\Desktop\\MGB with text\\Сухонос МГВ С ТЕКСТОМ 91 шт\\2.32.jpg][image99]
> However, there is a significant difference from stars: in the Biosphere, each new organism is formed "around" a germ cell. This does not seem to be the case with stars.
Fig. 2.32. Schematic S-loop for a human (similar to the Mobius ribbon).
The expansion to the right along the S-axis from the point of "person" we will call the ***right*** loop. The embryo, gathering around itself the substance from the environment, grows rapidly, moving upward along the S-axis. In the S-diagram, this process can be represented as a left S-loop. If we combine these two processes, we get a kind of S-eight (see Fig. 2.32), which may not always be symmetrical, most likely, its upper loop is always longer than the lower one, and besides, its upper branch has a break. Does not the example with biosystems suggest to us that the birth of new stars must also have an embryo?
1 \- formation of a germ cell
![](./media/image167.jpg)
and conception;
0. \- fetal growth and birth;
0. \- Dispersion of human matter in the Biosphere after death;
0. –collection of matter from the Biosphere in the process of human growth and life
*Fig. 2.32. Schematic S-loop for a human (similar to the Mobius ribbon). 1 - formation of a germ cell and conception; 2. - fetal growth and birth; 3. - Dispersion of human matter in the Biosphere after death; 4. - collection of matter from the Biosphere in the process of human growth and life*
What if, for example, such an embryo could be a neutron star? If the M-similarity is realized here, astrophysics will have to reconsider the theory of star birth.
But one can also find examples of indisputable similarity. It is known from biology that when members of a population die en masse, its birth rate increases.
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
\* However, there is a significant difference from stars: in the Biosphere, each new organism is formed "around" a germ cell. This does not seem to be the case with stars.
But one can also find examples of indisputable similarity. It is known from biology that when members of a population die en masse, its birth rate increases.
Thus, *death acts as a stimulant for the reproduction of biosystems*.
We see something similar in the cosmos. The explosions of supernovae violate the gravitational stability of the gas-dust complexes of the interstellar medium, which leads to the beginning of its fragmentation, compression, and, finally. \- to the formation of new stars, i.e. (similarly to the situation with biosystems) ***death acts as a stimulant of birth***.
We see something similar in the cosmos. The explosions of supernovae violate the gravitational stability of the gas-dust complexes of the interstellar medium, which leads to the beginning of its fragmentation, compression, and, finally. - to the formation of new stars, i.e. (similarly to the situation with biosystems) ***death acts as a stimulant of birth***.
Let us return once again to the ***hereditary S-loop***. For a human, the M-loop can be well investigated at the level of its lower half, at the moment when a sex cell appears. It is likely that the properties of the sex cell are determined not only by the genetic material transferred to it, but also by the whole state of the organism (taking into account the science of astrology \- also by the properties of the whole solar system, and possibly the whole Universe). A sex cell, moving from the place of its formation to the place of meeting with another sex cell, remains at the same scale level. The synthesis of two sex cells leads to the beginning of the process of development of a new organism, i.e. upward movement along the S-axis. Thus, we can clearly trace in this process the unbroken lower part of the "S-Eight", while its upper part is broken in the medium (see Fig. 2.32).
Let us return once again to the ***hereditary S-loop***. For a human, the M-loop can be well investigated at the level of its lower half, at the moment when a sex cell appears. It is likely that the properties of the sex cell are determined not only by the genetic material transferred to it, but also by the whole state of the organism (taking into account the science of astrology - also by the properties of the whole solar system, and possibly the whole Universe). A sex cell, moving from the place of its formation to the place of meeting with another sex cell, remains at the same scale level. The synthesis of two sex cells leads to the beginning of the process of development of a new organism, i.e. upward movement along the S-axis. Thus, we can clearly trace in this process the unbroken lower part of the "S-Eight", while its upper part is broken in the medium (see Fig. 2.32).
It can be noted that such S-LETTERS OF TRANSFORMATION go beyond the limits of a particular S-CLASS. In other words, a star cannot beget a galaxy, a human being cannot beget a star, etc. The ***process of rebirth takes place within its own class***. But if we examine the upper half of the eight more closely, we find that it *does open up into a neighboring class*. Thus, the substance that goes to create a new organism comes not only from the *Earth*, but also from the cosmos228 from the space of the Solar System, hence, *not only the stellar level, but also the galactic level is involved in the creation of each organism on the Earth, since the* interstellar substance coming to the Earth is collected in the galactic expanse. On the other hand, we are talking about the matter which is born in the depths of stars, hence, if in the spatial understanding, it comes from the galactic level, in the large-scale understanding it comes from the level of stars. Similarly, for stars, it is unlikely that the matter for them comes from neighboring galaxies, most likely, galaxies are closed by matter flow.
It can be noted that such S-LETTERS OF TRANSFORMATION go beyond the limits of a particular S-CLASS. In other words, a star cannot beget a galaxy, a human being cannot beget a star, etc. The ***process of rebirth takes place within its own class***. But if we examine the upper half of the eight more closely, we find that it *does open up into a neighboring class*. Thus, the substance that goes to create a new organism comes not only from the *Earth*, but also from the cosmos[^ref-228] from the space of the Solar System, hence, *not only the stellar level, but also the galactic level is involved in the creation of each organism on the Earth, since the* interstellar substance coming to the Earth is collected in the galactic expanse. On the other hand, we are talking about the matter which is born in the depths of stars, hence, if in the spatial understanding, it comes from the galactic level, in the large-scale understanding it comes from the level of stars. Similarly, for stars, it is unlikely that the matter for them comes from neighboring galaxies, most likely, galaxies are closed by matter flow.
And for galaxies? For them, the matter, by analogy with the previous examples, may come from the intergalactic medium. Another layer of questions is whether S-Loops are just pulsations or whether ***each cycle gives something new***? For any biosystem, the answer is obvious: both respiration and "rebirth" occur with the ***emergence of new properties in the next cycle***. Otherwise, there would be no evolution and development. A similar conclusion can be drawn for stars. The appearance of each new star is not a repetition of the old one, because new, heavier chemical elements are added. Consequently, ***something new appears at each S-cycle***. If this conclusion is extended to the **S \- Global Loop of the Universe (SGLU)**, it should be recognized that even in the model of a pulsating Universe each subsequent Universe will be different from the previous one, something must remain after global catastrophic collapses.
![](./media/image171.jpg)
#### *PHILOSOPHICAL DIGRESSION*
*Fig. 2.33. S-diagrams of birth and death for a human and a star. The dotted line shows the assumed, not yet scientifically revealed trajectories*
One of the most important results of the introduction of the model of dynamical M-belts is the possibility to consider systematically the ***problem of birth and death in the Universe.***
We see that all ***birth processes are S-vectors*** directed to a certain point on the S-axis. The birth of any multicellular organism is a vivid example of this. After all, from the external environment comes a nutrient, without which it is impossible to build a new organism. Let us call the flow of concentrating substance from ***right to left the right positive S-vector***. The movement of the growing embryo from ***left to right*** occurs in parallel in time from the microlevels. Let us call this movement the ***left positive S-vector***. On the S-axis, the whole process of formation of a new organism looks like the concentration of the scales of information from the microcosm and matter from the megamir to the left and right into one point (see Fig. 2.33).
In the process of ***star birth*** from nebulae, we will find a ***right positive*** vector that reflects the process of building matter assembly to the assembly point on the S-axis where a new star appears. By analogy with the biological process, we should expect that there is also a ***left positive*** S-vector. In other words, for the birth of each new star it is not enough the process of gravitational assembly of matter, it is also necessary to have an embryo that would carry the "genetic program" of the future star. What could serve as such an embryo? A neutron star, white dwarf, white hole, or black hole? Or maybe these are ***objects unknown to us yet,*** whose size by cosmic standards is so small (***100-1000 km***) that it is impossible to detect them by direct observation in the Cosmos today? Or maybe the embryos of new stars are ejected by other stars? If two stars "fly" close enough to each other, then under the influence of gravitational attraction plasma clots can be ejected from them, which can later acquire new flesh at the expense of the nourishing environment of galactic nebulae. The latter option, involving two stars, is very close to the "pair reproduction" model. The author is inclined to consider the process of birth of new systems in the Cosmos not just a physical *process*, but, by analogy with the Biosphere, a *deeply organized information-matter process*.
By the way, the *presence of an embryo* necessary for the birth of cosmic objects is hypothetical only *for stars. For galaxies, the* presence of the embryo, perhaps, is not in doubt. Most likely such are ***quasars***.
![C:\\Users\\Alex\\Desktop\\MGB with text\\Сухонос МГВ С ТЕКСТОМ 91 шт\\2.33.jpg][image100]
The size of quasars is about 5 orders of magnitude smaller than the galactic size, but their active energy and the fact that they are surrounded by nebulae, whose sizes already relate to the typical sizes of galaxies, give reason to PREPARE that we see the *beginning of the birth process of a new galaxy*, which grows out of a quasar in a time comparable in proportions to the time of growth of the embryo of the Biosystem[^ref-229]. Here we see the manifested *right positive S-vector* (see Fig. 2.33).
Fig. 2.33. S-diagrams of birth and death for a human and a star. The dotted line shows the assumed, not yet scientifically revealed trajectories
By the way, the *presence of an embryo* necessary for the birth of cosmic objects is hypothetical only *for stars. For galaxies, the* presence of the embryo, perhaps, is not in doubt. Most likely such are ***quasars***.
The size of quasars is about 5 orders of magnitude smaller than the galactic size, but their active energy and the fact that they are surrounded by nebulae, whose sizes already relate to the typical sizes of galaxies, give reason to PREPARE that we see the *beginning of the birth process of a new galaxy*, which grows out of a quasar in a time comparable in proportions to the time of growth of the embryo of the Biosystem229. Here we see the manifested *right positive S-vector* (see Fig. 2.33).
But no one knows where the matter for the new galaxy comes from. Perhaps it is pulled from all over the galaxy cluster in which it is born.
Let us now consider what the ***systemic S-vector model of*** the ***death process in the Universe*** will look like.
*The death of stars* provides us with very graphic material for this. Astronomers have studied this process well. *Each star ends its life cycle with a rupture between the core and the shell.* In this process, the core contracts and the envelope expands. In Chapter 2.1 we showed that this process on the S-axis occurs with remarkable symmetry. Here we turn our attention to another aspect. The right vector reflects the expansion of the shell and the left vector reflects the contraction of the nucleus. It is not difficult to see that on the S-axis both death vectors are mirror opposites of the birth vectors (see Fig. 2.33). Let us call them ***right negative and left negative***. The process of death itself looks on the S-axis as a process of ***deconcentration***, as a process of rupture. Recall that the birth process looks like a process of ***concentration*** and assembly.
There is an obvious ***mirror symmetry in everything***, and the opposition of birth and death receives on the S-axis a vivid embodiment in mirror model schemes.
So, *from the point of view of scale symmetry, any process of birth and death can be depicted by two schemes*.
What new information does this give us?
This gives us a completely unexpected and new approach to the problem of human death.
If the scheme, which is obvious for stars, is universal (and the fact that more than 99% of the matter in the Universe is concentrated in stars leads us to it), then the scheme of death on the S-axis for a human being should be similar to the stellar scheme of death. In this case, the death of each person should be accompanied by the *departure of some shell* (soul?), which, expanding, can reach *very large sizes*, and directly opposite on the S-axis by the *process of collapse of the "core" of a* person to microscopic sizes. How? And what is this nucleus?
Purely intuitively we can assume that some *immaterial substance* will be compressed, which can collapse on scales up to 5 orders of magnitude smaller (recall the collapse of stars). In this case, the collapsing substance could reach sizes of 10-100 microns, about 50 microns. Such are the average sizes of a human cell, such are the scale coordinates of the S \- Center of the Universe (SCU). And, as it will be shown further on, these are the dimensions of the theoretically obtained structure \- the "Grain of World Spirit (GWS)". So, although we have received more questions than answers, but it may be here that the *scientific path to the problem of eternal life is* hidden.
[^ref-220]: Polyan V. I. Channels of Life. Novosibirsk: NKI, 1990. P. 7.
[^ref-221]: Yavorsky B. M., Detlaf A. A. Handbook of Physics. Moscow: Nauka. Fizmatlit, 1996. P. 545.
[^ref-222]: Shirokov Yu. M., Yudin N. P. Nuclear Physics. Moscow: Nauka, 1972. P. 316.
[^ref-223]: Khodkov A. E., Vinogradova M. G. On Core Problems of Natural Science. St. Petersburg: Nedra, 1977. P. 29.
[^ref-224]: Markov M. A. On the Nature of Matter. Moscow: Nauka, 1976.
[^ref-225]: Penrose R. Singularities in Cosmology // Cosmology. Theories and Observations. Moscow: Mir, 1978. P. 336–348.
[^ref-226]: Mitton S., Mitton J. Astronomy. Moscow: Rosman, 1995. P. 120.
[^ref-227]: Shklovsky I. S. Stars. Their Birth, Life, and Death. Moscow: Nauka, 1977.
[^ref-228]: Sukhonos S. I. Does Cosmic Dust Stimulate Evolution? // Chemistry and Life. № 1. P. 91–93.
[^ref-229]: Sukhonos S. I. A View from Afar // Knowledge and Power.— 1981.— № 7. P. 31–33.

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