fix Figure 1.6A

FIX: Figure -> Fig. & italic _ -> *

add all references

rm cyrillic from literature

src/02_the_s_order_of_the_universe.md

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ At first glance, there is no physical sense in this search, because there can be
 
 ![](./media/image215.jpg)
 
-_Fig. 1.1. Scale interval of the sizes of the Universe objects (from the fundamental length of M. Planck \- \\(10^{-32.8}\ cm\\) to the visible boundary of the Metagalaxy \- \\(10^{28.2}\ cm\\)) located on the scale axis (S-axis) and its the Scale Center of Universe (SCU)_
+*Fig. 1.1. Scale interval of the sizes of the Universe objects (from the fundamental length of M. Planck \- \\(10^{-32.8}\ cm\\) to the visible boundary of the Metagalaxy \- \\(10^{28.2}\ cm\\)) located on the scale axis (S-axis) and its the Scale Center of Universe (SCU)*
 
 The obtained value, firstly, pleases with its accessibility (such objects can be seen in an ordinary microscope), and secondly, surprises with its accuracy. After all, the boundaries are God knows where\! One \- beyond the capabilities of telescopes, another \- at the very bottom of the microcosm, and here \- 50 microns. Already 5 or 150 microns is far enough from this point.
 
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ The obtained value, firstly, pleases with its accessibility (such objects can be
 
 ![](./media/image238.png)
 
-_Fig. 1.2. Scale boundaries of our Universe are such that exactly in the center of the scale interval there is a living cell, which is so many times larger than the smallest particle of the Universe \- the maximon, how many times smaller it is than its upper boundary \- the Metagalaxy_
+*Fig. 1.2. Scale boundaries of our Universe are such that exactly in the center of the scale interval there is a living cell, which is so many times larger than the smallest particle of the Universe \- the maximon, how many times smaller it is than its upper boundary \- the Metagalaxy*
 
 So, using only the well-known data of astrophysics, we get a completely unexpected and intriguing result: In the SCALE CENTER OF THE UNIVERSE (SCU) there is a LIVING CELL \- the FOUNDATION of ALL LIFE ON EARTH.
 

src/03_periodicity_of_the_s_structure_of_the_universe.md

@@ -220,14 +220,14 @@ The facts listed above, related not to the sizes but to other parameters, may se
 
 Concluding this section, let us consider in more detail, perhaps, the most intriguing fact established by the author in the course of research into the large-scale hierarchy of the Universe: THE CENTRAL LOCATION ON THE S-INTERVAL OF THE UNIVERSE OF THE HUMAN SEX CELL (see Fig. 1.6A). With incredible accuracy nature literally adjusts to the value close to 30-50 microns the size of the male sex cell and the egg cell nucleus *at the moment of their synthesis* (see Fig. 1.6B), and it is this size that corresponds to the *S-Center of the Universe or SCU*, or a point on the S-axis (-2, 3).
 
-![](./media/image84.jpg)
+![](./media/image76.jpg)
 
-*Figure 1.6A. The sperm cell (a) is 50-60 microns long. The female germ cell (b) is much larger: 130-160 microns, but its nucleus is also approximately 30-60 microns long.*
+*Fig. 1.6A. The sperm cell (a) is 50-60 microns long. The female germ cell (b) is much larger: 130-160 microns, but its nucleus is also approximately 30-60 microns long.*
 
 Many years of reflection on this fact have convinced me that it is not a coincidence, but a ***consequence of a special, allocated position of life and man, especially in the large-scale hierarchy of the Universe***. After all, if we consider man in a more generalized plan as a *generic man* (and there are many reasons for it, for example, such as: more than 80 % of man's life is determined by his genetic heredity, which is formed just in the SCU), then we can confidently assert that man is a QUINTESSENCE of all the processes going on in the Universe, and occupies in its hierarchy an ABSOLUTELY exactly central place.
 
 ![](./media/image84.jpg)
 
-*Figure 1.6B. As a result of the "race", only one of the 200,000,000 sperm pierces the female cell membrane (a) and penetrates it to effect fertilization. The sperm head, which is much smaller in volume than the female primary nucleus, then begins to gradually increase in size (b) until it reaches approximately the volume of the egg cell nucleus and, remarkably, a size of about 30-50 microns. Only then does the contents of both primary nuclei fuse into a common nucleus (c). The synthesis of the nuclear material, which takes place absolutely precisely in the scale center of the Universe, ends the process of fertilization and begins the ontogenetic development of the new organism (d). Thus, the starting scale "site" for each human being is the scale center of the Universe (50 microns), and the finishing "scale line" is the size of an adult organism, which is exactly 5 orders of magnitude higher on the scale scale of sizes.*
+*Fig. 1.6B. As a result of the "race", only one of the 200,000,000 sperm pierces the female cell membrane (a) and penetrates it to effect fertilization. The sperm head, which is much smaller in volume than the female primary nucleus, then begins to gradually increase in size (b) until it reaches approximately the volume of the egg cell nucleus and, remarkably, a size of about 30-50 microns. Only then does the contents of both primary nuclei fuse into a common nucleus (c). The synthesis of the nuclear material, which takes place absolutely precisely in the scale center of the Universe, ends the process of fertilization and begins the ontogenetic development of the new organism (d). Thus, the starting scale "site" for each human being is the scale center of the Universe (50 microns), and the finishing "scale line" is the size of an adult organism, which is exactly 5 orders of magnitude higher on the scale scale of sizes.*
 
 However, this topic is so important that we will leave it to special consideration.

src/04_s_wave_of_stability.md

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ Since the nuclei of objects are much more stable (in the most general sense of t
 
 ![](./media/image80.jpg)
 
-*Figure 1.7. Quantitative-qualitative scale-stability diagram, named S-Wave of stability (SWS) in 1979*
+*Fig. 1.7. Quantitative-qualitative scale-stability diagram, named S-Wave of stability (SWS) in 1979*
 
 Let us note in advance that the scale classes introduced by us are ***common for all kinds of systems of the*** Universe. One and the same scale ***class is*** filled with objects with different properties. For example, class No. 8 is occupied by planets, star cores and biocenosis. At the same time, the ***scale boundaries of*** these objects are ***invariant with*** respect to their ***material filling***
 
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ However, in order to compare objects with each other, often one dimensional para
 
 ![](./media/image92.jpg)
 
-*Figure 1.8. The first and most widespread chamberton classification of galaxies by E. Hubble*
+*Fig. 1.8. The first and most widespread chamberton classification of galaxies by E. Hubble*
 
 On the one hand \- very precise determination of coordinates on the S-axis and creation of a MODEL PERIODIC grid, ***in the nodes of which important properties of matter change, the most widespread systems are located, etc***. On the other hand \- ***non-metric intuitive division of objects by their properties***.
 

src/06_types_of_interactions_in_the_s_hierarchy_of_the_universe.md

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ At present, science knows and has studied four interactions to varying degrees:
 
 ![](./media/image91.jpg)
 
-*Figure 1.9. Location on the S-axis of the four types of interactions.*
+*Fig. 1.9. Location on the S-axis of the four types of interactions.*
 
 At the top is the simplified integer version. At the bottom are two variants of calculating exact values for points A, B and C and intervals for three interactions
 

src/10_macro_interval.md

@@ -47,7 +47,7 @@ Apparently, nonspherical nuclei can be divided into two categories.....
 
 <img width="50%" src="./media/pic1.24.jpg" alt="">
 
-*Figure 1.24: The crystal lattice of gold. Photograph taken with an electron microscope. Each white dot is a gold atom located in the crystallographic plane*
+*Fig. 1.24: The crystal lattice of gold. Photograph taken with an electron microscope. Each white dot is a gold atom located in the crystallographic plane*
 
 The first category includes "rigidly deformed" kernels. These nuclei mostly have a stable cigar shape. They are elongated spheroids with one long and two short axes. The other category consists of 'soft' ones, whose shape is highly variable ... mainly a variety of asymmetric ellipsoids ... as well as some spherical and oblong structures and flattened spheroids ... "[^ref-75]
 
@@ -137,13 +137,13 @@ Obviously, the cell nucleus, the size of which is on average close to 10-30 µm,
 ***After the size of 100 µm, monocentricity practically recedes*** (see Fig. 1.27B). Even radiolarians with larger sizes can take an already not so spherical shape or completely non-spherical and even polycentric (see Fig. 1.31). For unicellular organisms with sizes greater than 100 µm (e.g., infusoria), only one of the three main features of monocentricity is inherent in the presence of a nucleus.
 
 ![](./media/pic1.30.jpg)
-*Figure 1.30. Radiolarians with sizes up to 100 µm possess radial-radial symmetry and have a central nucleus. The figure shows the "skeletons" of these radiolaria*
+*Fig. 1.30. Radiolarians with sizes up to 100 µm possess radial-radial symmetry and have a central nucleus. The figure shows the "skeletons" of these radiolaria*
 
 ![](./media/pic1.31.jpg)
 *Fig. 1.31. Radiolarias with sizes greater than 100 µm generally have significantly weakened signs of central-radial symmetry compared to smaller individuals*
 
 ![](./media/pic1.32.jpg)
-*Figure 1.32. Sexual spherical cells*
+*Fig. 1.32. Sexual spherical cells*
 
 Thus, we can confidently assert that for protein systems in motion along the S-axis, **monocentrism** is manifested mainly in the size range of 10-100 µm.
 
@@ -166,7 +166,7 @@ Thereafter, polycentrism dominates at all scale levels, ***up to the transition
 In parallel with the loss of monocentric features, as one moves from the 10-100 μm range toward larger systems, the symmetry elements and the degree of symmetry are rapidly lost. As is known86 , the ***highest symmetry is possessed by a sphere with a center of symmetry,*** and the lowest symmetry group is ***mirror symmetry***. Therefore, starting from radiolarians and germ cells, which have symmetry close to the maximum, the transition to ***larger*** and ***larger bioorganisms*** is accompanied by the loss of symmetry, until for many animals, out of all kinds of possible symmetries in Nature, only one \- mirror symmetry, the lowest type of symmetry \- remains.
 
 ![](./media/image1.jpg)
-*Figure 1.33. Departure from central symmetry in biosystems. Three successive stages of an organism's early development are shown. It is evident how nature is rapidly moving away from monocentrism to polycentrism.*
+*Fig. 1.33. Departure from central symmetry in biosystems. Three successive stages of an organism's early development are shown. It is evident how nature is rapidly moving away from monocentrism to polycentrism.*
 
 Beyond the \\(10^{2}\\) cm SWS ridge (on which humans "sit"), *social and biological community systems* mostly begin, as rare animals cross the meter range and rare plants cross the ten-meter range. Polycentric structures also dominate here. Moreover, the symmetry of form and structure is almost completely lost here. So, let us finalize the consideration of biosystems and return to the consideration of the MACRO-INTERVAL as a whole. Let us summarize the results.
 

src/11_mega_interval.md

@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ According to R. Wald, the NSs are huge nuclei similar to atomic nuclei. Indeed,
 So, *neutron stars are polycentric systems — in many respects similar in structure to the nuclei of atoms*. Isn't it amazing that nature has placed these exotic objects in a size range that is almost exactly \\(10^{20}\\) times the size of nuclei!? What could be a better example of the scale similarity of structures at such gigantic scale distances!? Let's turn to the MACRO INTERVAL for a moment. From the left and right edges of the Macro-interval Nature has arranged the nuclear type of structure. Moving along the S-axis from left to right, one can see how at "entering" this interval the P-structures of the Micro-interval are transformed into the M-structures of the Macro-interval (see Fig. 1.26), and similarly at "leaving" it: the P-structures of the Macro-interval are transformed into the M-structures of the Mega-interval. ***WHAT IS AT THE TOP IS ALSO AT THE BOTTOM.***
 
 ![](./media/image112.jpg)
-*Figure 1.35. Mega-interval showing the transition from polycentrism to monocentrism. Dimensions are given in cm*
+*Fig. 1.35. Mega-interval showing the transition from polycentrism to monocentrism. Dimensions are given in cm*
 
 However, besides similarity, there is also a difference (however, probably imaginary). Thus, atomic nuclei consist of nucleons, the number of which does not exceed a few hundreds, while the NSs consist of a huge number of nucleons — of the **order of \\(10^{60}\\)**. Obviously, within the framework of the classical approach, there is not and cannot be complete structural similarity here. ***For a full structural similarity neutron stars (NS) lack a macro cluster structure***. However, such a structure cannot appear due to electromagnetic forces, because on such scales they simply cannot compete with gravitation in their effect on matter. And even more macro cluster structure cannot be a consequence of gravitational forces, which have a strict central symmetry. In spite of this, can we still hope that nature has taken care of the full scale similarity with a step size of \\(10^{20}\\)? If so, then the sizes of the order of \\(10^7\\)-\\(10^8\\) cm should be characterized by structures that are not just polycentric, but *cluster-polycentric*. In other words, EOs should consist of dozens of or hundreds of mega clusters.
 
@@ -44,7 +44,7 @@ However, in astrophysical theory, in principle, there is no place for the mega c
 ![](./media/image59.jpg)
 ![](./media/image179.jpg)
 ![](./media/image205.jpg)
-*Figure 1.36. А. Probable block-polycentric structure of a neutron star (in the author's opinion). B. The shell structure of a neutron star (according to I.S. Shklovsky). C. Fan model of pulsar emission (according to I.S.Shklovsky)*
+*Fig. 1.36. А. Probable block-polycentric structure of a neutron star (in the author's opinion). B. The shell structure of a neutron star (according to I.S. Shklovsky). C. Fan model of pulsar emission (according to I.S.Shklovsky)*
 
 There is absolutely no theoretical basis in the theory of gravitation for the appearance of any "mascons" or "separateness" within objects such as EO.
 
@@ -93,7 +93,7 @@ The hypothesis has one essential problem. It unambiguously follows that the *sta
 ***Secondly***, many processes inside stars should have quantized discrete character normalized by some conditional minimal mass unit, which will be unified for all stars. This *conditional unit is an analog of the nucleon in the atomic nucleus*. We cannot say anything about its mass, but it should have a size close to 160 km (or another option \- 500 km, its origin will be discussed further on).
 
 ![](./media/image121.jpg)
-*Figure 1.37. Structure of the Sun, which is a typical star*
+*Fig. 1.37. Structure of the Sun, which is a typical star*
 
 ***Thirdly***, the Sun cannot be an exception to the rule, so if our assumption about megaclustering of stellar nuclei is correct, there could well be moments in the life of the Sun when quantum, jump-like changes of global scales occurred in it. Obviously, their traces should remain on the surface of planets, which can be checked on the Earth and Moon, analyzing the features of ancient sediments.
 
@@ -139,7 +139,7 @@ Absolutely unsymmetrical and almost chaotic are ***diffuse nebulae*** like the C
 Comparing these two types of nebulae, which consist of the same type of rarefied gas, we can note the following. Those nebulae that have dimensions corresponding to the ***lowest point of the*** HW ***half-wave*** (this point according to our model has increased stability) have ***increased central symmetry*** (torus shape and radial symmetry of spokes).
 
 ![](./media/pic1.40.jpg)
-*Figure 1.40. А. A planetary nebula whose dimensions are close to \\(10^{17}\\)-\\(10^{18}\\) cm. The ring symmetry is clearly visible. The radial symmetry of the "spokes" is not visible, although detectable. B. Crab Nebula, whose dimensions are close to \\(10^{20}\\) cm. Chaotic fibrous structure lacks any sign of symmetry*
+*Fig. 1.40. А. A planetary nebula whose dimensions are close to \\(10^{17}\\)-\\(10^{18}\\) cm. The ring symmetry is clearly visible. The radial symmetry of the "spokes" is not visible, although detectable. B. Crab Nebula, whose dimensions are close to \\(10^{20}\\) cm. Chaotic fibrous structure lacks any sign of symmetry*
 
 And the nebulae, whose sizes correspond to the unstable zone on the SW model, have an asymmetric shape. At first glance, the reason for the difference in symmetry is *in the nature of the process of* nebula formation, because torus ***planetary nebulae are*** formed by slow and quiet *detachment of the shells of* red giants (KG), and ***nebulae such as the Crab Nebula*** - as a result of a grandiose *explosion of* supernovae (SN), which leads to a rapid process of mixing of matter and loss of any symmetry. This explanation could be accepted if it were not for some recent observations. They have shown that the remnants of supernova explosions undergo a stage of higher shape symmetry at sizes close to \\(10^{17}\\)-\\(10^{18}\\) cm. In addition, within the chaotic fibers we can often observe[^ref-110] quite symmetric structural details - bright rings with sizes around \\(10^{16.7}\\) cm. Consequently, the explosive dynamics of the process does not affect the possibility of the formation of symmetric shapes, and the ***main thing in this case is not the difference in the dynamics of the process, but the scale level***: if it corresponds to the ***zone of increased stability and symmetry*** (i.e., the lower fossa of the half-wave of the HW), then even inside chaotic nebulae symmetric structural parts are formed.
 
@@ -209,7 +209,7 @@ The METAGALACTIC STRUCTURE is also POLYCENTRIC (see Fig. 1.42) up to the size of
 So, in the world of galaxies (CLASS \#11), ***polycentrism*** mainly dominates, since it is very rare to find galaxies with at least two clear signs of monocentrism (nucleus and spherical shape). The author failed to find at least one example of an M-structure in the galactic world, so we can confidently assert that ***monocentrism*** in *its* pure form, which is *characteristic of the left ridge of the* MEGAINTERVAL, is *absent on its right ridge*.
 
 ![](./media/pic1.42.jpg)
-*Figure 1.42. Structure of the Metagalaxy. This map shows the distribution of two million galaxies (ten billion galaxies in all) for a section of the sky. The galaxies are clustered in super clusters that form layers and ribbons separated by large voids; this resembles foam in structure*
+*Fig. 1.42. Structure of the Metagalaxy. This map shows the distribution of two million galaxies (ten billion galaxies in all) for a section of the sky. The galaxies are clustered in super clusters that form layers and ribbons separated by large voids; this resembles foam in structure*
 
 Let us summarize the analysis of the MEGAINTERVAL by considering the scheme (see Fig. 1.35).
 

src/12_s_structural_invariant.md

@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ Let us consider this STRUCTURAL DIFFERENCE step by step.
 At the same time, for the Mega-interval, the astrophysical theory gives values of the sizes of stellar ***nuclei up*** to at least the ***third*** order inclusive. It is possible that either the astrophysical model of stellar nuclei is not correct here, or there are rare atomic nuclei with sizes 1000 times larger than nucleons, which have not yet been discovered on the Macro-interval.
 
 ![](./media/image93.jpg)
-*Figure 1.43. S-Structural invariant*
+*Fig. 1.43. S-Structural invariant*
 
 3. Stars are known whose sizes are two orders of magnitude larger than the average stellar size; these ***giants*** occupy the ***seventh and eighth*** orders of the Mega Interval, forming the fully monostructured upper part of the first wave.
 

src/13_micro_interval.md

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ Experimental information on the structure of elementary particles has been obtai
 The proton on the scale of \\(10^{-14}\\) cm is represented by theorists as polycentric, and on the scale of \\(10^{-15}\\) cm even more polycentric[^ref-130] (see Fig. 1.25). This shows that the *deeper one goes into the microcosm, the more complex and polycentric picture is revealed to physics*.
 
 ![](./media/pic1.44.jpg)
-*Figure 1.44. The quantum vacuum, as presented in 1957 by J. Wheeler, becomes more and more chaotic on closer inspection. At the scale of atomic nuclei (above), space looks very smooth. At distances on the order of \\(10^{-30}\\) cm, some irregularities begin to appear. At distances about 1000 times smaller, the curvature and topology of space fluctuate dramatically*
+*Fig. 1.44. The quantum vacuum, as presented in 1957 by J. Wheeler, becomes more and more chaotic on closer inspection. At the scale of atomic nuclei (above), space looks very smooth. At distances on the order of \\(10^{-30}\\) cm, some irregularities begin to appear. At distances about 1000 times smaller, the curvature and topology of space fluctuate dramatically*
 
 Experimental physics has failed to penetrate deeper than \\(10^{-17}\\) cm into the microworld, so theoretical models still dominate in this scale region. One of them \- of the famous physicist J. Wheeler assumes[^ref-131] that on scales of the order of \\(10^{-30}\\) cm some irregularities begin to appear in the vacuum structure (see Fig. 1.44)
 

src/14_s_factors_coefficients_of_scale_symmetry.md

@@ -89,14 +89,14 @@ At first, astronomers believed that they form something like ***foam*** or ***ho
 If this is true, then we can say that on mega-scales of \\(10^{27}\\)...\\(10^{28}\\) cm the world is dominated by ***one-dimensional*** structures, since the ratio of the length of these "superwires" to their diameter is 6:1 on average.
 
 ![](./media/pic1.46.jpg)
-*Figure 1.46. "Up close" the cellular structure of the Metagalaxy may be as it is depicted in the drawing by Anya Abrikosova, a school friend of the author's daughter. This purely abstract fantasy "from nothing to do" could also be not accidental*
+*Fig. 1.46. "Up close" the cellular structure of the Metagalaxy may be as it is depicted in the drawing by Anya Abrikosova, a school friend of the author's daughter. This purely abstract fantasy "from nothing to do" could also be not accidental*
 
 Let us now go deeper, to scales of \\(10^{25}\\)- \\(10^{26}\\) cm. Here we enter the world of galaxy clusters and groups[^ref-138]. These are the ones that make up the filaments of super scatterings. The shape of clusters (\~\\(10^{25}\\) cm) and groups (\~\\(10^{24}\\) cm) is predominantly two-dimensional \- they are mostly flat.
 
 Astronomers often use the term "flat disk clusters" in this connection. Moreover, these clusters of irregular[^ref-139] type are homogeneous in density and consist of the youngest galaxies (in particular, spiral galaxies). Therefore, if we talk about the present-day structure of the Metagalaxy, it is represented mainly by two-dimensional structures at scales of \\(10^{23}\\)- \\(10^{26}\\) cm.
 
 ![](./media/pic1.47.jpg)
-*Figure 1.47. Dimensionality of space on the Planck length scales according to some physicists' ideas[^ref-134]*
+*Fig. 1.47. Dimensionality of space on the Planck length scales according to some physicists' ideas[^ref-134]*
 
 However, there are also clusters of the "***regular***" type (the number of galaxies in them ranges from 200 to 11,000)[^ref-140] , which mainly consist of old ***elliptical*** galaxies containing old stars of the first generation. They also differ from *irregulars in* that they are predominantly *spherical in shape with a strong concentration of galaxies toward the center*, where the density is sometimes 40,000 times higher than the average density of the distribution of galaxies in the Metagalaxy [^ref-141]. If we take elliptical galaxies as a "cosmic" component of this world, and spiral galaxies as a living one, then clusters of the "correct" three-dimensional type inside the "neural network" of "living" elliptical galaxies can be perceived as some nodes of obliquity inside the "network of life".
 
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ Since structural complexity, as it will be shown in the third book of the cycle,
 *The complexity of objects and systems gradually increases from the microworld as one moves along the scale ladder, reaches a maximum in the central biological region of the S-axis, manifesting itself through the fantastic diversity of living forms, and then begins to gradually decrease until it reaches the main types of morphological diversity in the region of galaxies, and then rapidly decreases down to linear structures, ending with a zero-dimensional object, a "point" of the Universe, which, according to M. A. Markov's theory, becomes a freedmon for the Meta-Universe.*
 
 ![](./media/image105.jpg)
-*Figure 1.49. The diversity and complexity of objects grows as we approach from the edges of the scale range of the Universe to its center*
+*Fig. 1.49. The diversity and complexity of objects grows as we approach from the edges of the scale range of the Universe to its center*
 
 This regularity is revealed only in the most general and approximate form and represents only an image, but in the following, we will show that this image hides the deep physical essence of large-scale interactions in the Universe.
 

src/16_bimodality_of_distribution_atoms_by_size.md

@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ If we do not take into account inert gases, it seems that the completion of shel
 Moreover, if we look carefully at the constructed diagram, we get the impression that there are two "centers of attraction" of all "trajectories", two regions of increased stability on the S-axis: the first \- in the region of sizes 1.2-1.6 angstroms (I and II periods), the second \- in the region of sizes 2.4-3.6 angstroms. They are highlighted on the diagram by spots.
 
 ![](./media/image94.jpg)
-*Figure 1.50. Histogram of distribution of elements of the Mendeleev Table of Elements (TEM) depending on the diameter of elements. The histogram shows that all the diversity of the atomic composition of the Universe is associated with two main sizes (modes) \- 1.4 and 2.8 angstroms. If we construct a similar histogram, taking into account the number of atoms of each element in the Universe, hydrogen would give the first mode a weight of more than 90%, and helium would give the second mode a weight of about 7%. The other elements would essentially provide an insignificant background that can be neglected. This indicates that the two modes we have distinguished are extremely representative from any point of view*
+*Fig. 1.50. Histogram of distribution of elements of the Mendeleev Table of Elements (TEM) depending on the diameter of elements. The histogram shows that all the diversity of the atomic composition of the Universe is associated with two main sizes (modes) \- 1.4 and 2.8 angstroms. If we construct a similar histogram, taking into account the number of atoms of each element in the Universe, hydrogen would give the first mode a weight of more than 90%, and helium would give the second mode a weight of about 7%. The other elements would essentially provide an insignificant background that can be neglected. This indicates that the two modes we have distinguished are extremely representative from any point of view*
 
 Figuratively speaking, the elements of each new group formed far away from these regions are rapidly attracted by these regions as their mass grows, and the "trajectories" of each period are "bent" by the attraction of these two regions.
 
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ This unique fact can be interpreted as follows.
 
 ![](./media/image101.png)
 ![](./media/image100.jpg)
-*Figure 1.51. Diagram "atom size \- group number" for the Mendeleev Periodic Table of Elements of elements. The diagram shows that the rows are built approximately "parallel" to each other. In order not to form a "mush" of points on the diagram, a separate place is allocated for the elements of the lower rows of the TEM of large periods, and the numbers of groups for the lower rows are marked with the index "n". As a result, the in-plane unfolded diagram of atom distribution along the S-axis is obtained. The choice of such a formal criterion as group number as the second coordinate is due to ***the*** desire to ***emphasize the size distribution of atoms.*** It would be possible to construct more physically filled diagrams, taking as a second parameter, for example, the ionization potential or the electron distribution density in the volume of the atom, but the essence of this would not change much. Analysis of the diagram shows that the ***size of the atoms increases as the mass of the atoms increases***. This quite logical phenomenon has, however, at first sight, a very strange internal manifestation: the ***growth of sizes does not occur gradually but by leaps***. These jumps are seemingly illogical: all elements, from which the periods begin, are the ***largest*** atoms in their periods, although they have the ***smallest*** number of protons and electrons
+*Fig. 1.51. Diagram "atom size \- group number" for the Mendeleev Periodic Table of Elements of elements. The diagram shows that the rows are built approximately "parallel" to each other. In order not to form a "mush" of points on the diagram, a separate place is allocated for the elements of the lower rows of the TEM of large periods, and the numbers of groups for the lower rows are marked with the index "n". As a result, the in-plane unfolded diagram of atom distribution along the S-axis is obtained. The choice of such a formal criterion as group number as the second coordinate is due to ***the*** desire to ***emphasize the size distribution of atoms.*** It would be possible to construct more physically filled diagrams, taking as a second parameter, for example, the ionization potential or the electron distribution density in the volume of the atom, but the essence of this would not change much. Analysis of the diagram shows that the ***size of the atoms increases as the mass of the atoms increases***. This quite logical phenomenon has, however, at first sight, a very strange internal manifestation: the ***growth of sizes does not occur gradually but by leaps***. These jumps are seemingly illogical: all elements, from which the periods begin, are the ***largest*** atoms in their periods, although they have the ***smallest*** number of protons and electrons
 
 ***The stability of the configuration of electron orbits of atoms increases when they fill the*** SUSTAINABLE SPACE cells with two main characteristic (stable) sizes \- **(1.2-1.6) and (2.4-3.6) angstroms**.
 
@@ -71,7 +71,7 @@ By the way, the question may arise, why do we pay so much attention to a narrow
 The answer is simple. The weight fraction of molecules and dust in the Universe in relation to free atoms is vanishingly small, as well as the weight fraction of planets and comets. If we mentally start moving along the S-axis to *the* right of the two sizes we have selected, then *practically up to the sizes of **stars,*** which is 20 orders of magnitude to the right along the S-axis, we *cannot find objects in the Universe, the mass fraction of which would give us at least some elevation on the diagram on the background of the mass fraction of atoms*.
 
 ![](./media/image180.jpg)
-*Figure 1.52. The helium nucleus, or α-particle, consists of two neutrons and two protons*
+*Fig. 1.52. The helium nucleus, or α-particle, consists of two neutrons and two protons*
 
 If we move from the atomic ridge to the left, then after five orders of magnitude we will find ourselves in the scale zone of atomic nuclei (CLASS \#4). These contain more than 99.9% of the atomic mass. For them, too, it is important to study the characteristic points on the S-axis.
 

src/17_star_waves.md

@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ According to the famous astronomer V. Baade[^ref-147], this division into two gr
 At present, due to the high lifetime of the first generation of stars, we have the opportunity to observe these patriarchs in the sky, although their number has noticeably thinned. It is these first-born **stars of** the Universe that are called **type II stars** because of the peculiarities of their distribution in our Galaxy – they are mainly located in spherical halos of galaxies and very often in globular clusters of halos (see Fig. 1.53).
 
 ![](./media/pic1.53.jpg)
-*Figure 1.53. View of our Galaxy from above (A) and from the side (B). In the center is a spherical halo, which includes stars of population type II (white circles in diagram C – the first generation of stars) and spiral arms consisting of stars of population type I (black dots – the second generation)*
+*Fig. 1.53. View of our Galaxy from above (A) and from the side (B). In the center is a spherical halo, which includes stars of population type II (white circles in diagram C – the first generation of stars) and spiral arms consisting of stars of population type I (black dots – the second generation)*
 
 It is believed that the first epoch of star formation was followed by a **second, longer epoch,** during which ***stars of the galactic disk*** were formed in our Galaxy.
 
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ An important question arises: are these characteristics independent? It turns ou
 First of all, there is a *functional dependence connecting the **radius of a** star, its bolometric (integral over the entire spectrum) **luminosity** and surface **temperature***. In addition, as early as at the beginning of our century, the Dane Hertzsprung and the American Ressel established the *dependence between the luminosity of stars and their color* on a large statistical material. A remarkable feature of the latter dependence was that the position of all the stars of the Universe on the diagram "Luminosity – spectral class, or color" (the Hertzsprung-Ressel diagram) turned out to be by *no* means *disorderly* or random (see Fig. 1.53A). The stars form certain sequences (see Fig. 1.53B), among which there is the most rich in stars – the GENERAL STAR LABEL (GS).
 
 ![](./media/image47.png)
-*Figure 1.54. Location of the stars of the Universe on the diagram "Absolute stellar magnitude – spectral class (color)", which was discovered by Hertzsprung and Ressel*
+*Fig. 1.54. Location of the stars of the Universe on the diagram "Absolute stellar magnitude – spectral class (color)", which was discovered by Hertzsprung and Ressel*
 
 The star densification zones in diagrams of this type are often called branches and are depicted as lines ***along which the evolution of stars takes place.***
 
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ Let us consider this somewhat **unusual** astrophysics diagram. Three bell-shape
 
 ![](./media/image106.jpg)
 
-*Figure 1.55. Spectral class-diameter diagram, which was obtained by the author from the Hertzsprung-Ressel diagram by translating absolute stellar magnitude into stellar diameter. Thick lines \- existing stellar sequences. Dashed lines \- assumed sequences in the past (\- \- \- ) and future (\- \. \- \. \- \. \-)*
+*Fig. 1.55. Spectral class-diameter diagram, which was obtained by the author from the Hertzsprung-Ressel diagram by translating absolute stellar magnitude into stellar diameter. Thick lines \- existing stellar sequences. Dashed lines \- assumed sequences in the past (\- \- \- ) and future (\- \. \- \. \- \. \-)*
 
 Later we will explain why some of them are represented by dashed lines.
 

src/20_two_s_waves_of_stability.md

@@ -67,7 +67,7 @@ Accordingly, the fundamental length itself in fundamental length units will have
 \\[ \lg D_f = -32.8 - (-32.8) = 0 \\]
 
 ![](./media/image141.jpg)
-*Figure 1.57. Characteristic stable points on the S-axis (dimensions) for the second wave \- ESW depend on the radius of the Universe. As the Universe expands, the second sinusoid, unlike the first one (HLE), will stretch like an accordion to the right, and all the stable points it defines will also shift along the S-axis to the right*
+*Fig. 1.57. Characteristic stable points on the S-axis (dimensions) for the second wave \- ESW depend on the radius of the Universe. As the Universe expands, the second sinusoid, unlike the first one (HLE), will stretch like an accordion to the right, and all the stable points it defines will also shift along the S-axis to the right*
 
 Then, for example, the coordinate (dimensions in fundamental length units) of the average human  height on the S-axis will look like this: \\(\lg D\\) \= 2.2 \- (- 32.8) \= 35\. This shows that the "size" of a person is exactly 35 orders of magnitude larger than the size of the fundamental length.
 
@@ -136,7 +136,7 @@ If the **SWman** (standing wave human) height is located on the S-axis at the HL
 You can write another formula to calculate the value of ***evolutionary fashion***:
 
 ![](./media/image132.jpg)
-*Figure 1.58. Model of two Waves of stability. At the top, on the crests of the SWS  and EWS, there are the ranges of maximum stability sizes for the objects of the structural series \- peculiar "stability saddles". At the bottom, in the seven troughs for SWS and EWS, there are zones of stable equilibrium for the objects of the nuclear series. The points of intersection of the EI with the S-axis are the points of maximum instability of objects*
+*Fig. 1.58. Model of two Waves of stability. At the top, on the crests of the SWS  and EWS, there are the ranges of maximum stability sizes for the objects of the structural series \- peculiar "stability saddles". At the bottom, in the seven troughs for SWS and EWS, there are zones of stable equilibrium for the objects of the nuclear series. The points of intersection of the EI with the S-axis are the points of maximum instability of objects*
 
 \\[
 L_K^{\mathbb{Э}} = l_f \left( \frac{R_B}{1_f} \right)^{K/12} \tag{1.16}
@@ -215,7 +215,7 @@ Several explanations are possible here.
 The model shows that the synthesis of atoms from the second mode *mainly* occurred during the second epoch of structure formation, and this is quite consistent with the astrophysical ideas about this process. Of course, this does not mean that the model imposes a ban on the synthesis of elements of this size class at the present time. It only means that the most rapid process of their formation coincided with the ***resonance*** state of the second epoch. The atoms of the second mode were preserved as a trace of this process. Now, probably, favorable is the SYNTHESIS OF THIRD MODE ELEMENTS, with the average diameter of atoms more than 4 angstroms, which corresponds to the weakly expressed third mode. Of course, we do not aim here to create a complete model of large-scale conditions for the process of synthesis of chemical elements during the expansion of the Universe. As we will show below, for more accurate calculation of all fine spectra of characteristic sizes it is not enough to involve simple logic of symmetry laws. Here it is necessary to apply in all its power the METHOD OF HARMONIC ANALYSIS. Only in this case it is possible to obtain a sufficiently accurate agreement with the available experimental data. But at the first stage, it is important to show the NEUTRALIZABILITY of the approach. After all, it is obvious that the statistical curve of atom size distribution clearly shows 2-3 modes, which are logically linked to 2-3 epochs of structure formation by means of simple translation along the S-axis of scale symmetry coefficients. *Let us now evaluate to what extent the two-wave stability model allows us to obtain characteristic dimensions for stellar statistics*. STARS. Since most modern stars are about 10 billion years old, they appeared around the second epoch of star formation and on average at the time of the expansion of the Metagalaxy, when it was about 7 billion years old. At that moment its dimensions were equal to 7 \\(\\cdot\\) \\(10^{27}\\) cm = \\(10^{27.85}\\) cm. Let us determine by formula (1.16) the coordinates of the second mode for stars. They are equal to \\(10^{12.69}\\) cm.
 
 ![](./media/pic1.59)
-*Figure 1.59. Conditional scheme of atom size distribution.*
+*Fig. 1.59. Conditional scheme of atom size distribution.*
 
 The values of the three modes (1.6; 2.6; 3.55 angstroms) can be obtained by relying on the dimensions of the proton and the helium nucleus (at the two extremes) by multiplying these dimensions by the constant \\(10^{5}\\).
 

src/21_peculiarities_of_global_distribution_of_geological_and_social_structures.md

@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ Both modes are related to the sizes of the Earth crust blocks and their natural
 One more conclusion cannot be passed by. For all countries of the world and for their internal regional areas, the ***second evolutionary mode \- 450 km \-*** clearly dominates in the statistical distribution by size.
 
 ![](./media/pic1.60.jpg)
-*Figure 1.60. Distribution of social territories by size (S \- area). 1\. \- countries of the world; 2\. \- regions of the Russia; 3\. \- states of the USA, regions of China, India, Brazil*
+*Fig. 1.60. Distribution of social territories by size (S \- area). 1\. \- countries of the world; 2\. \- regions of the Russia; 3\. \- states of the USA, regions of China, India, Brazil*
 
 ***For all... except Russia***. The only country in which the regional distribution has as dominant the ***first basic mode \- 180 km***, was the USSR (now \- Russia). What does this undoubted statistical fact of our socio-cultural reality testify to?
 

src/24_division_synthesis.md

@@ -52,11 +52,11 @@ Suppose that ***on the right slope of a*** potential trough there is a certain o
 The first simple option is that the ***object decreases in size due to compression***, which leads to its ***compaction*** (see Fig. 2.4). But what if this is impossible, as, for example, with nucleons, which are not compressed? In this case, there is another option \- the ***object decreases in size due to fragmentation into smaller independent parts,*** each of which by its size occupies on the S-axis a position to the left of the primary object (see Fig. 2.5).
 
 ![](./media/image137.jpg)
-*Figure 2.4. S-through model and scheme of motion in the potential field of stability ***with preservation of*** system ***integrity***: 1 \- expansion of the system, 2 \- compression of the system*
+*Fig. 2.4. S-through model and scheme of motion in the potential field of stability ***with preservation of*** system ***integrity***: 1 \- expansion of the system, 2 \- compression of the system*
 
 ![](./media/image145.jpg)
 
-*Figure 2.5. S-trough model and scheme of motion in the potential field of stability ***without preserving the integrity of the*** system: 1 \- system synthesis, 2 \- system division*
+*Fig. 2.5. S-trough model and scheme of motion in the potential field of stability ***without preserving the integrity of the*** system: 1 \- system synthesis, 2 \- system division*
 
 Let us now consider the system variants of ***moving the object on the left slope***. Two variants are also possible here (see Figs. 2.4 and 2.5). The object increases in size and moves to an energetically more favorable position:
 
@@ -112,7 +112,7 @@ Let us now consider the MASSIVE FEATURES of nucleus division.
 ***On the left-hand slope, nuclear division*** is an energetically extremely disadvantageous process, since the resulting fragments will collectively have more energy than the original nucleus.
 
 ![](./media/image152.jpg)
-*Figure 2.6. SYNTHESIS PROCESS (1) in the ***synthesis zone*** (on the left slope of the S-Trough of Potential stability \- STPS).*
+*Fig. 2.6. SYNTHESIS PROCESS (1) in the ***synthesis zone*** (on the left slope of the S-Trough of Potential stability \- STPS).*
 
 The SYNTHESIS PROCESS (2) in the ***division*** zone (on the right slope of the trough) proceeds due to the participation of elements inclined to synthesis. Their sizes are smaller than synthesis-division BARRIER (CDB), so synthesis ***in the forbidden zone of the model*** occurs as if by overcoming CDB  by small elements
 
@@ -148,7 +148,7 @@ At the end of this part of the book, we will touch upon this problem again, but
 
 ![](./media/image144.jpg)
 ![](./media/image127.jpg)
-*Figure 2.7. Dynamic model of SWS*
+*Fig. 2.7. Dynamic model of SWS*
 
 However, we'll leave that problem for now.
 
@@ -181,7 +181,7 @@ Before we proceed to a systematic analysis of the cell division process, let us
 ***First***, it is extremely difficult to determine the energy parameters of processes in the living world by analogy with nuclear division and synthesis. Therefore, we will determine the advantage of one or another type of process by its dominance in the evolutionary movement of systems: reproduction, complication, etc. For example, it is known that ***proteins complicate their structure by synthesis, but cells reproduce by division***.
 
 ![](./media/image124.jpg)
-*Figure 2.8. EXTREME SIZE RULE (L). To determine the synthesis size (S), the ***smallest*** system size should be taken. To determine the division size (D), the ***largest*** system size should be taken*
+*Fig. 2.8. EXTREME SIZE RULE (L). To determine the synthesis size (S), the ***smallest*** system size should be taken. To determine the division size (D), the ***largest*** system size should be taken*
 
 ***Secondly***, the latter does not mean that synthesis processes are not involved. Therefore, when speaking about the predominance of one or another process, we will mean the following.
 
@@ -219,7 +219,7 @@ PROTOZOA (UNICELLULAR PROTOZOA). For them, the main method of sexless *reproduct
 
 ![](./media/image196.jpg)
 
-*Figure 2.9. Conjugation of infusoria (schematized). From time to time infusoria have a special and extremely peculiar form of sexual reproduction \- ***conjugation***. Since infusoria have sizes that belong to ***the right slope of division***, the process of exchange of genetic material occurs according to a very complex and tense scheme, which requires infusoria to temporarily "stick together", i.e. ***synthesize.****
+*Fig. 2.9. Conjugation of infusoria (schematized). From time to time infusoria have a special and extremely peculiar form of sexual reproduction \- ***conjugation***. Since infusoria have sizes that belong to ***the right slope of division***, the process of exchange of genetic material occurs according to a very complex and tense scheme, which requires infusoria to temporarily "stick together", i.e. ***synthesize.****
 
 ![](./media/image135.jpg)
 
@@ -264,7 +264,7 @@ The process of cell reproduction occurs only by dividing cells into two or more
 ![](./media/image26.jpg)
 ![](./media/image69.jpg)
 
-*Figure 2.11. Two types of cell division process. А. If a cell is smaller than the SD barrier, it first grows (1-2) to a size that exceeds the SD barrier before dividing, then divides (2-3) to its original size and continues to function at that size thereafter (3). B. If a cell is larger than the SD barrier in its normal state, it does not grow before division. The process of division occurs (1-2), and then the resulting "fragments" grow back to the original normal state (2-3).*
+*Fig. 2.11. Two types of cell division process. А. If a cell is smaller than the SD barrier, it first grows (1-2) to a size that exceeds the SD barrier before dividing, then divides (2-3) to its original size and continues to function at that size thereafter (3). B. If a cell is larger than the SD barrier in its normal state, it does not grow before division. The process of division occurs (1-2), and then the resulting "fragments" grow back to the original normal state (2-3).*
 
 Despite the fact that all types of division are characterized by their morphological and functional peculiarities, they have similar features, so we are able to make some generalizing conclusions.
 
@@ -288,7 +288,7 @@ Consequently, regardless of the initial size of the oocyte, the very process of
 *Fig. 2.12. Uneven (starting from the third crushing) crushing of a frog egg. Unevenness crushing is explained in the model by the fact that the egg is much larger than the average cell size*
 
 ![](./media/image201.jpg)
-*Figure 2.13. Sequential stages of amphibian gastrulation [^ref-180].*
+*Fig. 2.13. Sequential stages of amphibian gastrulation [^ref-180].*
 
 The figure shows that the emerging cells have sizes much smaller than the primary germ cell. This indicates that the division occurs in the size zone close to 10-100 µm
 

src/25_a_global_s_trough_potential_stability.md

@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ If one examines the life of the Sun over a long enough period of time, it will b
 Together, the prominences form a kind of energy-matter "coat" around the Sun (see Fig. 2.27B). Each individual prominence is a magnificent symbol of the M-loop. Such "fountaining" should be a common phenomenon for all stars.
 
 ![](./media/pic2.27.jpg)
-*Figure 2.27.*
+*Fig. 2.27.*
 
 *А. A giant prominence on the Sun. Such an ejection of matter from the Sun ends mostly with its fall back, although some of the matter and radiation escapes into open space.*
 

src/28_standing_s_waves_of_the_universe.md

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ The author's earlier work[^ref-233] analyzed the well-known idea that the ***fou
 
 ![](./media/image150.jpg) 
 
-*Figure 2.40. Poured sand forms rings when the drum membrane oscillates*
+*Fig. 2.40. Poured sand forms rings when the drum membrane oscillates*
 
 ![](./media/image151.jpg)
 

src/29_base_rate_of_s_symmetry_the_main_coefficient_of_the_s_symmetry_of_the_universe.md

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ We are talking, of course, about maximon. The sizes and all other parameters of
 
 ![](./media/image153.jpg)
 
-*Figure 2.45. The addition of the 8 Hz and 10 Hz signals gives us a 2 Hz beat, which produces a longer waveform*
+*Fig. 2.45. The addition of the 8 Hz and 10 Hz signals gives us a 2 Hz beat, which produces a longer waveform*
 
 To illustrate the following conclusions, let us first consider the ***simplest example of runout*** from classical physics.  
 Figure 2.45 shows two separate sine waves traveling along a single line. At the bottom of the figure, these waves are superimposed on each other by adding the displacements produced by the two waves at each point.

src/31_the_unique_properties_of_s_center_of_the_universe.md

@@ -177,7 +177,7 @@ Unique properties of the scale center of the Universe
 
 ![](./media/image193.png)
 
-*Figure 2.52.*
+*Fig. 2.52.*
 
 *А. The search for the true center of the table is meaningless if the dimensionality of the space in which the table is considered is not defined.*
 

src/39_literature.md

@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ LIST OF BOOKS OF SERGEI SUKHONOS THAT AVAILABLE ONLY IN RUSSIAN:
 4. **The Boiling Vacuum of the Universe, or The Hypothesis on the Nature of Gravity**  
    Publisher: Moscow New Center, 2000  
 5. **The Logic of Human Evolution**  
-   Publisher: Economy (Экономика), Moscow, 2008  
+   Publisher: Economy, Moscow, 2008  
 6. **The Scale Effect: An Unsolved Threat**  
    Publisher: Moscow New Center, 2001  
 7. **Metacivilization**  
@@ -19,10 +19,10 @@ LIST OF BOOKS OF SERGEI SUKHONOS THAT AVAILABLE ONLY IN RUSSIAN:
 8. **Theory of Evolution of Hierarchical Systems: The Proportional Universe**  
    Publisher: Delphis, Moscow, 2015  
 9. **The Relay of Civilizations**  
-   Publisher: Economy (Экономика), Moscow, 2011  
+   Publisher: Economy, Moscow, 2011  
 10. **Theory of Time Relativity: What Is Time? The Hierarchy of Temporal Processes**  
     Published in digital format, 2022  
 11. **Ten Forms of Life in the Universe**  
     Publisher: Tion, 2022  
 12. **Where Is Humanity Heading?**  
-    Publisher: National Education (Народное Образование), Moscow, 2024
+    Publisher: National Education, Moscow, 2024

src/39_literature_all_references.md

@@ -0,0 +1,244 @@
+1. *Rosenthal I. L.* Geometry, Dynamics, Universe. Moscow: Nauka, 1987\. С. 82\.
+2. *Markov M. A.* On the nature of matter. Moscow: Nauka, 1976\.
+3. Ibid.
+4. *Vorontsov-Vel'yaminov B.A.* Essays on the Universe. Moscow: Nauka, 1969\. С. 631\.
+5. *Chechev V. P., Kramarovsky Ya. M.* Radioactivity and Evolution of the Universe. Moscow: Nauka, 1978\. С. 103\.  
+6. Ibid.
+7. *Carter B.* Coincidences of large numbers and anthropological principle in cosmology // Cosmology. Theories and Observations. M.: Mir, 1978\. С. 369-380.  
+8. *Wheeler J.* Discussion // Cosmology. Theories and observations. M.: Mir, 1978\. С. 386\.  
+9. *Blokhintsev D. I.* Space and Time in the Microworld. Moscow: Nauka, 1970\. С. 7\.
+10. *Sukhonos S. I.* View from afar // Znanie-sila. 1981\. № 7\. С. 31-33.
+11. *Sukhonos S. I.* Principles of Scale Symmetry in the Assessment of Natural Systems // Problems of Analysis of Biological Systems. MOSCOW STATE UNIVERSITY, 1983\. С. 90-112.  
+12. *Sukhonos S. I.* Structure of stable levels of organization of the material world // Modern problems of studying and preserving the biosphere. Т. 1 // Properties of the Biosphere and its External Relations. SPb.: Gidrometeoizdat, 1992\. С. 30-39.  
+13. *Shklovsky I. S.* Stars. Their Birth Life and Death. Moscow: Nauka, 1977\. С. 13\.
+14. *Sukhonos S. I.* Structure of stable levels of organization of the material world. SPb.: Gidrometeoizdat, 1992\. С. 39\.  
+15. *Vladimirov Y. S.* Space-time: explicit and hidden dimensions. Moscow: Nauka, 1989\. С. 97\.  
+16. *Rosenthal I. L.* Geometry, Dynamics, Universe. Moscow: Nauka, 1987\. С. 121-122.
+17. *Vorontsov-Vel'yaminov B. A.* Extragalactic Astronomy. Moscow: Nauka, 1978\.
+18. *Vladimirov Y. S.* Space-time: explicit and hidden dimensions. Moscow: Nauka, 1989\. С. 95-100.  
+19. *Wheeler J.* Gravitation, Neutrinos and the Universe. M.: Nauka, 1976\. С. 58\.
+20. *Bochkarev N. G.* Magnetic fields in space. M.: Nauka, 1985\. С. 185\.
+21. Ibid. С. 185-186.  
+22. *Y. M. Shirokov, N. Yudin. P.* Nuclear Physics. Moscow: Nauka, 1972\. С. 188\.
+23. *Koshkin N. I., Shirkevich M. G.* Reference book on elementary physics. М.: 1974\. С. 218\.  
+24. *Barkov L. M., Zolotarev M. S., Khriplovich I. B.* On the way to the disclosure of the unity of the forces of nature // Future of Science. Moscow: Znanie, 1979\. С. 14-15.  
+25. *Y. M. Shirokov, N. Yudin. P.* Nuclear Physics. Moscow: Nauka, 1972\. С. 374\.
+26. *Yavorsky B. M., Pinsky A. A.* Fundamentals of Physics. Т. 2\. Moscow: Nauka, 1972\. С. 606.
+27. *Zheludev I. С.* Symmetry and its applications. Moscow: Atomizdat, 1976\. С. 14\.
+28. *Xanfomaliti L. V.* Planets Rediscovered. Moscow: Nauka, 1978\. С. 116\.
+29. *Mitton S., Mitton J.* Astronomy. M.: Rosman, 1995\. С. 77\.
+30. Ibid. С. 87\.
+31. *Silkin B. I.* In the World of Many Moons. Moscow: Nauka, 1982\. С. 44\.
+32. *Putilin I. I.* Small planets. M.: Nauka, 1953\. С. 271\.
+33. *Willy K., Dethier V.* Biology (biological processes and laws). M.: Nauka, 1979\. С. 262\.  
+34. *Luria S., Darnell J.* General virology. M.: Mir, 1970\.
+35. *Willy K., Dethier V.* Biology (biological processes and laws). M.: Nauka, 1979\. С. 31\.  
+36. *Vernadsky V. I.* Biogeochemical Essays. M.-L.: ANS SSSR, 1940\. С. 73\.
+37. *Kamshilov M. M.* Evolution of the Biosphere. M.: Nauka, 1979\. С. 60\.
+38. *Willy K., Dethier V.* Biology (biological processes and laws). Moscow: Nauka, 1979\.  
+39. *Allen K. W.* Astrophysical Magnitudes. M.: Mir, 1977\.
+40. *Aghekyan T. A.* Stars, Galaxies, Metagalaxy. M.: Nauka, 1981\. С. 64\.
+41. Ibid. С. 64-72.
+42. *Allen K. W.* Astrophysical Magnitudes. M.: Mir, 1977\. С. 396
+43. Ibid. С. 320-321.
+44. *Martynov D. Ya.* Course of General Astrophysics. M.: Nauka, 1979\. С. 202\.
+45. *Shklovsky I. S.* Stars. Their birth and death. Moscow: Nauka, 1977\.
+46. Ibid. С. 161\.
+47. *Baade W.* Evolution of stars and galaxies. M.: Mir, 1966\. С. 31\.
+48. *Aghekyan T. A.* Stars, Galaxies, Metagalaxy. M.: Nauka, 1981\. С. 402\.
+49. *Zonn W.* Galaxies and quasars. M.: Mir, 1978\. С. 59\.
+50. *Vorontsov-Vel'yaminov B. A.* Extragalactic Astronomy. M.: Nauka, 1978\. С. 222\.  
+51. Ibid. С. 184\.
+52. Ibid. С. 184\.
+53. *Baade W.* Evolution of stars and galaxies. M.: Mir, 1966\. С. 208\.
+54. *Vilkovisky E. Y.* Quasars. M.: Nauka, 1985\. С. 122\.
+55. Ibid. С. 146-147.  
+56. *Martynov D. Ya.* Course of General Astrophysics. M.: Nauka, 1979\. С. 447\.
+57. Ibid. С. 447\.
+58. *Ginzburg V. L.* Some problems of physics and astrophysics // Physics today and tomorrow. L.: Nauka, 1973\. С. 43\.  
+59. *Vorontsov-Vel'yaminov B. A.* Extragalactic Astronomy. M.: Nauka, 1978\. С. 428\.
+60. *Vilkovisky E. Y.* Quasars. M.: Nauka, 1985\. С. 64, 98\.
+61. *Martynov D. Ya.* Course of General Astrophysics. M.: Nauka, 1979\. С. 452\.
+62. *Danielson F., Alberti R.* Physical Chemistry. Moscow: Higher School, 1967\. С. 603\.  
+63. *Goldansky V. I., Shantorovich V. P.* Current state of research "new" atoms" // Physics of the XX century. Development and Prospects. M.: Nauka, 1984\. С. 136-187.
+64. Ibid. С. 139\.
+65. *Martynov D. Ya.* Course of General Astrophysics. M.: Nauka, 1979\. С. 210\.
+66. *Shklovsky I. S.* Stars. Their birth, life and death. Moscow: Nauka, 1977\. С. 154\.
+67. *Mukhin K. N.* Physics of the atomic nucleus // Experimental nuclear physics. T.1. Moscow: Atomizdat, 1974\. С. 50-70.
+68. *Y. M. Shirokov, N. Yudin. P.* Nuclear Physics. Moscow: Nauka, 1972\. С. 55\.
+69. *Markov M. A.* On the Nature of Matter. Moscow, 1976\.
+70. *Yavorsky B. M., Detlaf A. A.* Reference book on physics. Moscow: Nauka. Fizmatlit, 1996\. С. 538\.  
+71. *Y. M. Shirokov, N. Yudin. P.* Nuclear Physics. Moscow: Nauka, 1972\. С. 56\.
+72. *Rogers E.* Physics for the Inquisitive. Т. 3\. M.: Mir, 1971\. С. 445\.
+73. Ibid. С. 374\.
+74. *Zafiratos K. D.* Structure of the nucleus surface // Physics of the atomic nucleus and plasma. M.: Nauka, 1974\. С. 45\.  
+75. *Baranger M., Sorensen R. A.* Size and shape of atomic nuclei // Physics of atomic nucleus and plasma. M.: Nauka, 1974\. С. 30\.  
+76. Ibid. С. 37\.
+77. 77.  Ibid. С. 28-43.
+78. *Zafiratos K. D.* Structure of the nucleus surface // Physics of the atomic nucleus and plasma. M.: Nauka, 1974\. С. 44\.  
+79. *Mukhin K. N.* Physics of atomic nucleus // Experimental nuclear physics. Т. 2\. M.: Atomizdat, 1974\. С. 273\.  
+80. Ibid. С. 277\.
+81. *Ginzburg V. L.* On Prospects of Development of Physics and Astrophysics at the End of the Twentieth Century // Physics of the Twentieth Century. Development and Prospects. Moscow: Nauka, 1984\. С. 281- 330\.  
+82. *Shaskolskaya M. P.* Crystallography. Moscow: Higher School, 1976\. С. 133\.
+83. *Sobotevich E. V.* Space matter in the Earth's crust. Moscow: Atomizdat, 1976\.
+84. Ibid. С. 126\.
+85. *Green N., Stout W., Taylor D.* Biology. M.: Mir, 1996, vol. 1\. С. 13-14.
+86. *Zheludev I. С.* Symmetry and its applications. Moscow: Atomizdat, 1976\. С. 14\.
+87. *Sadovsky M. A., Bolkhovitinov L. G., Pisarenko V. F.* Deformation of geophysical medium and seismic process. Moscow: Nauka, 1986\. С. 100\.  
+88. *Zharkov V. N.* Internal Structure of the Earth and Planets. Moscow: Nauka, 1978\. С. 181\.
+89. *Xanfomaliti L. V.* Planets Rediscovered. Moscow: Nauka, 1978\. С. 20\.
+90. *Struve O., Linds B., Pillans E.* Elementary Astronomy. Moscow: Nauka, 1967\. С. 52\.  
+91. *Allen K. W.* Astrophysical Magnitudes. M.: Mir, 1977\. С. 215\.
+92. *Zharkov V. N.* Internal Structure of the Earth and Planets. M.: Nauka, 1978\. С. 183\.
+93. *Xanfomaliti L. V.* Planets Rediscovered. Moscow: Nauka, 1978\. С. 16\.
+94. *Alven H., Arrhenius G.* Evolution of the Solar System. M.: Mir, 1979\.
+95. Ibid. С. 368\.
+96. *Shklovsky I. S.* Stars. Their birth, life and death. Moscow: Nauka, 1977\. С. 327\.
+97. Ibid. С. 298\.
+98. Ibid. С. 325-326.
+99. *Shklovsky I. S.* Stars. Their birth, life and death. Moscow: Nauka, 1977\. С. 329\.
+100. Ibid. С. 316\.
+101. Ibid. С. 334\.
+102. *Allen K. W.* Astrophysical Magnitudes. M.: Mir, 1977\. С. 300\.
+103. *Shklovsky I. S.* Stars. Their birth, life and death. Moscow: Nauka, 1977\. С. 170\.
+104. *Allen K. W.* Astrophysical Magnitudes. M.: Mir, 1977\. С. 320-321.
+105. *Mitton S., Mitton J.* Astronomy. M.: Rosman, 1995\. С. 109, 110\.
+106. *Allen K. W.* Astrophysical Magnitudes. M.: Mir, 1977\. С. 320\.
+107. Ibid. С. 396\.
+108. *Shklovsky I. S.* Stars. Their birth, life and death. Moscow: Nauka, 1977\. С. 250, 253\.  
+109. *Vorontsov-Vel'yaminov B.A.* Essays on the Universe. Moscow: Nauka, 1969\. С. 566-567.
+110. *Allen K. W.* Astrophysical Magnitudes. M.: Mir, 1977\. С. 369\.
+111. *Vilkovisky E. Y.* Quasars. M.: Nauka, 1985\. С. 122\. 112\. Ibid. С. 146-147.  
+112. *Aghekyan T. A.* Stars, Galaxies, Metagalaxy. M.: Nauka, 1981\. С. 179\.
+113. Ibid. С. 186..
+114. *Lindgenfelter R. E., Ramati R.* On the nature of radiation due to annihilation of electrons and positrons from the region of the galactic center // Galactic Center. M.: Mir, 1984\. С. 177\.  
+115. *Aghekyan T. A.* Stars, Galaxies, Metagalaxy. M.: Nauka, 1981\. С. 181\.
+116. *Suchkov A. A.* Galaxies familiar and mysterious. Moscow: Nauka, 1988\. С. 120\.
+117. Ibid. С. 135\.
+118. *Vorontsov-Vel'yaminov B. A.* Extragalactic Astronomy. M.: Nauka, 1978\. С. 428\.
+119. *Vilkovisky E. Y.* Quasars. M.: Nauka, 1985\. С. 64, 98\.
+120. *Martynov D. Ya.* Course of General Astrophysics. M.: Nauka, 1979\. С. 452\.
+121. *Vorontsov-Vel'yaminov B. A.* Extragalactic Astronomy. M.: Nauka, 1978\. С. 462\.  
+122. Ibid. С. 417\.
+123. *Suchkov A. A.* Galaxies familiar and mysterious. Moscow: Nauka, 1988\. С. 151\.
+124. *Vorontsov-Vel'yaminov B. A.* Extragalactic Astronomy. M.: Nauka, 1978\. С. 113\.  
+125. *Arp H. S.* Evolution of galaxies // Astrophysics. M.: Nauka, 1967\. С. 94-111.
+126. *Martynov D. Ya.* Course of General Astrophysics. M.: Nauka, 1979\. С. 434\.
+127. *Bronstein V.A.* Hypotheses about stars and the Universe. Moscow: Nauka, 1974\. С. 244\.
+128. *Aghekyan T. A.* Stars, Galaxies, Metagalaxy. M.: Nauka, 1981\. С. 179\.
+129. *Perkins D.* Inside the Proton // Fundamental Structure of Matter. M.: Mir, 1984\. С. 167-168.
+130. *Bryce S. De Witt.* Quantum gravity // In the World of Science. 1984\. № 2\. С. 58\.
+131. *Myakishev G. Я.* Elementary particles. Moscow: Nauka, 1979\. С. 45\.
+132. Ibid. С. 45\.
+133. Fundamentals of Ecology. SPb.: Special Literature, 1998\. С. 158
+134. *Shklovsky I. S.* Stars. Their birth, life and death. Moscow: Nauka, 1977\. С. 309\.
+135. Large-scale structure of the Universe. / *Edited by M. Longyear and J. Einasto.* M.: Mir, 1981\. С. 278\.
+136. Ibid. С. 277\.
+137. *Vorontsov-Vel'yaminov B. A.* Extragalactic Astronomy. M.: Nauka, 1978\. С. 407\.
+138. 139\. Ibid. С. 271-272.
+139. 140\. *Aghekyan T. A.* Stars, Galaxies, Metagalaxy. M.: Nauka, 1981\. С. 216\. 141\. Ibid. С. 213, 215\.
+140. *Allen K. W.* Astrophysical Magnitudes. M.: Mir, 1977\. С. 73\.
+141. Ibid. С. 50\.
+142. *Mukhin K. N.* Experimental Nuclear Physics. Moscow: Atomizdat, 1974, vol. 1\. С. 431\.  
+143. *Y. M. Shirokov, N. Yudin. P.* Nuclear Physics. Moscow: Nauka, 1972\. С. 55-56.
+144. *Hodge P.* Galaxies. M.: Nauka, 1992\. С. 45\.
+145. *Baade W.* Evolution of stars and galaxies. M.: Mir, 1966\.
+146. *Kaplan S. A.* Interstellar medium and the origin of stars. M: Nauka, 1977\. С. 60\.
+147. *Efremov Yu. N.* Origin and Evolution of Galaxies and Stars. M.: Mir, 1976\. С. 375\.  
+148. *Baade W.* Evolution of stars and galaxies. M.: Mir, 1966\. С. 252\.
+149. *Baade W.* Evolution of stars and galaxies. M.: Mir, 1966\. С. 298\.
+150. *Vorontsov-Vel'yaminov B.A.* Essays on the Universe. Moscow: Nauka, 1969\.
+151. Ibid. С. 130\.
+152. Ibid. С. 114\.
+153. Ibid. С. 125\.
+154. *Sadovsky M. A., Bolkhovitinov L. G., Pisarenko V. F.* Deformation of geophysical medium and seismic process. Moscow: Nauka, 1986\. С. 100\.  
+155. *Razumovsky V. M.* In Vn.: Socio-economic and ecological aspects of geography. L.: LSU, 1983\. С. 17-28.  
+156. *Sukhonos S. I.* On the possibility of the influence of the Earth's crust blockiness on the peculiarities of the size distribution of social territories // DAN. \-1988. 303\. № 5\. С. 1093-1096.  
+157. *Shklovsky I. S.* Stars. Their birth, life and death. Moscow: Nauka, 1977\. 160\. Ibid. С. 213-214.  
+158. *Allen K. W.* Astrophysical quantities. Zh-M.: Mir, 1977\. С. 295\.
+159. *Mukhin K. N.* Physics of atomic nucleus // Experimental nuclear physics. Т. 1\. M.: Atomizdat, 1974\. С. 50\.  
+160. *Chechev V. R., Kramarovsky Ya. M.* Radioactivity and the Evolution of the Universe. Moscow: Nauka, 1978\.  
+161. Ibid. С. 40\.
+162. Ibid. С. 44\.
+163. *Islam J. N.* Sky and Telesc. 1979, 57, I, P. 13-18.
+164. Animal life. Т. 1\. M.: Prosveshchenie, 1968\. С. 71\.
+165. Ibid. С. 139\.
+166. *Green N., Stout W., Taylor D.* Biology. T. 1\. M.: Mir, 1996\. С. 22\.
+167. The life of animals. T. 1\. M.: Enlightenment, 1968\. С. 159\. 171\. Ibid. С. 120-125.  
+168. Ibid. С. 98\.
+169. *Afanasyev Yu. I., Korolev V. V., Kotovsky E. F.* Cell nucleus and some questions of cytogenetics. Moscow: Nauka, 1971\. С. 19\.  
+170. *Hesin Y.E.* Nuclei size and functional state of cells. Moscow: Medicine, 1967\. С. 150\.  
+171. *Mezia D.* Mitosis and physiology of cell division. MOSCOW: IL, 1963\.
+172. 176\. Ibid. С. 43, 45\.
+173. Biological Encyclopedic Dictionary. M.: Big Russian Encyclopedia, 1995\. С. 185\.  
+174. *Tokin B. P.* General Embryology. Moscow: Higher School, 1977\. С. 90\.
+175. *Alberts B., Bray D., Lewis J., et al.* Molecular biology of the cell. T. 3\. M.: Mir, 1994\. С. 27\.  
+176. *Stanek I.* Human Embryology. Bratislava: Veda, 1977\. С. 105\.
+177. *Alberts B., Bray D., Lewis J., et al.* Molecular biology of the cell. T. 3\. M.: Mir, 1994\. С. 30\.  
+178. Ibid. С. 8\.
+179. 183\. BME. Т. 30\.
+180. *Tovarnitsky V. I.* Molecules and viruses. Moscow: Sov. Russia, 1978\.
+181. Ibid. С. 86\.
+182. Ibid. С. 34\.
+183. 187\. Ibid. С. 34-35.
+184. 188\. Ibid. С. 35\.
+185. 189\. Ibid. С. 97-98.
+186. *Luria S., Darnell J.* General virology. M.: Mir, 1970\. С. 280, 282\.
+187. *Avakyan A. A. A., Bykovsky A. F.* Atlas of anatomy and ontogenesis of human and animal viruses. Moscow: Medicine, 1970\. С. 175\.  
+188. *Bulanov P. A., Koleshenko O. I.* General microbiology. Minsk: Vysheyshaya shkola, 1969\. С. 106\.  
+189. *Green N., Stout W., Taylor D.* Biology. Т. 1\. M.: Mir, 1996\. С. 19\.
+190. *Avakyan A. A., Katz L. N., Pavlova I. V.* Atlas of anatomy of bacteria pathogenic for humans and animals. Moscow: Medicine, 1972\.  
+191. *Alov I. A., Braude A. I., Askiz M. Е.* Fundamentals of functional morphology of the cell. Moscow: Medicine, 1969\. С. 247\.  
+192. *Avakyan A. A., Katz L. N., Pavlova I. V.* Atlas of anatomy of bacteria pathogenic for humans and animals. Moscow: Medicine, 1972\. С. 21\.  
+193. *Garshin A. P., Gropyanov V. M., Zaitsev G. P., Semyonov S. S.* Machine-building ceramics. SPb.: GSU, 1997\. С. 152\.  
+194. *Alven H., Arrhenius G.* Evolution of the Solar System. M.: Mir, 1979\. С. 154\. 199\. Ibid. С. 150-151.  
+195. Ibid. С. 162\.
+196. *Khodkov A. E., Vinogradova M. G.* On the core problems of natural science. SPb.: Nedra, 1977\.  
+197. *Sobotevich E. V.* Space matter in the Earth's crust. Moscow: Atomizdat, 1976\.
+198. *Sukhonos S. I.* Space dust stimulates evolution? // Chemistry and Life. 1988\. № 1\. С. 91-93.
+199. *Alwen H., Arrhenius G.* Upom. source. С. 162.
+200. *Sobotevich E. V.* Space matter in the Earth's crust. Moscow: Atomizdat, 1976\. С. 35\.  
+201. *Khodkov A. E., Vinogradova M. G.* On the core problems of natural science. SPb.: Nedra, 1997\.  
+202. *Vasiliev V. A.* Long-term forecasting of the development of complex social systems (states, civilizations). Monograph. М.: 1998\.  
+203. *Dymont M.* Jews, God and History. Moscow: ImejSet, 1994\. С. 41\.
+204. *Sostu Bodo Harenberg.* Chronicle of Mankind. M.: Bolshaya Encyclopedia, 1996\. С. 58\.  
+205. *Sukhonos S. I.* Russia in the XXI century. Moscow: Agar, 1997\.
+206. *Shklovsky I. S.* Stars. Their birth, life and death. Moscow: Nauka, 1977\. С. 65\.
+207. *Vorontsov-Vel'yaminov B. A.* Extragalactic Astronomy. M.: Nauka, 1978\. С. 331-337.  
+208. Ibid. С. 173\.
+209. *Bronstein V.A.* Hypotheses about stars and the Universe. Moscow: Nauka, 1974\. С. 307\.
+210. *Martynov D. Ya.* Course of General Astrophysics. M.: Nauka, 1979\. С. 458\.
+211. Problems of modern cosmology. Moscow: Nauka, 1972\.
+212. *Vorontsov-Vel'yaminov B. A.* Extragalactic Astronomy. Moscow: Nauka, 1978\. С. 364\.  
+213. Ibid. С. 365\.
+214. Ibid. С. 368\.
+215. *Polyan V.I.* Channels of life. Novosibirsk: NKI, 1990\. С. 7\.
+216. *Yavorsky B. M., Detlaf A. A.* Reference book on physics. Moscow: Nauka. Fizmatlit, 1996\. С. 545\.  
+217. *Y. M. Shirokov, N. Yudin. P.* Nuclear Physics. Moscow: Nauka, 1972\. С. 316\.
+218. *Khodkov A. E., Vinogradova M. G.* On the core problems of natural science. SPb.: Nedra, 1977\. С. 29\.  
+219. *Markov M. A.* On the nature of matter. Moscow: Nauka, 1976\.
+220. *Penrose R.* Singularities in cosmology // Cosmology. Theories and observations. M.: Mir, 1978\. С. 336-348.  
+221. *Mitton S., Mitton J.* Astronomy. M.: Rosman, 1995\. С. 120\.
+222. *Shklovsky I. S.* Stars. Their birth, life and death. Moscow: Nauka, 1977\.
+223. *Sukhonos S. I.* Space dust stimulates evolution? // Chemistry and Life.
+   224. № 1\. С. 91-93.
+224. *Sukhonos S. I.* View from afar // Znanie sila.- 1981.- № 7\. С. 31-33.
+225. *Astafiev B. A.* Theory of the Unified Living Universe (laws, hypotheses). M.: Informatsiologiya, 1997\. С. 20\.  
+226. *Bronstein V.A.* Hypotheses about stars and the Universe. Moscow: Nauka, 1974\.
+227. *Sukhonos S.I.* To the reasons for the appearance of the predominant sizes of natural bodies of nature. Dep. VVINITI from 27.01.1988. № 733-В88.  
+228. Ibid.
+229. *Sukhonos S. I. The* fourth (scale) dimension. (In manuscript).
+230. *Vladimirov Y. S.* Space-time: explicit and hidden dimensions. Moscow: Nauka, 1989\.
+231. *Sukhonos S. I.* On the threshold of four-dimensional civilization // Integral Knowledge. Logos of the Universe. Issue one. Moscow: White Alves, 1999\. С. 5-32.  
+232. *Sukhonos S. I.* Russia in the XXI century. Moscow: Agar, 1997\.
+233. *Islam J. N.* Sky and Telesc. 1979, 57, I, P. 13-18.
+234. *Muller H., Sukhonos S. I.* Law of the densest packing on all degrees of freedom of biospace // MOIP Papers 1982\. General Biology. Experimental analysis of functions of biological systems. Moscow: Nauka, 1985\. С. 98-102.  
+235. *Kazimirovsky E. S.* We Live in the Crown of the Sun. Moscow: Nauka, 1983\. С. 58\.
+236. Ibid. С. 59\.
+237. *Sukhonos S. I. The* Fourth (Scale) Dimension of the Universe (In manuscript).
+238. *Sukhonos S. I.* On the threshold of four-dimensional civilization // Integral Knowledge. Logos of the Universe. Issue one. Moscow: White Alves, 1999\. С. 5-32.  
+239. *Abbott E.* Flatlandia*, Bürger D.* Sferlandia. M.: Mir, 1976\.
+240. *Buvel R., Gilbert E.* Secrets of Pyramids. Moscow: Veche, 1997\.
+241. *Paturi F.* Plants are ingenious engineers of nature. Moscow: Progress, 1979\.
+242. *Tatur V. Yu., Komarov V. M.* Anthropic Symphony // Unknowable. M., vol. 1 (in press).  
+243. *Sukhonos S. I.* Russian Renaissance in the XXI century. M.: Planeta (in press).+

src/_preface.md

@@ -38,19 +38,19 @@ I am completing my translation in full accordance with his wishes and instructio
 In the Middle Ages, man perceived himself as the center of the universe (Fig. 1), since, according to the Bible, God created the whole world for man's sake and for his benefit.
 
 ![](./media/image60.jpg)
-_Figure 1. Medieval idea of the Universe - flat earth and spherical starry dome above it_
+*Fig. 1. Medieval idea of the Universe - flat earth and spherical starry dome above it*
 
 However, since the XVI century, thanks to the invention of the telescope, it became obvious that it is the Earth that revolves around the Sun, and not all planets and luminaries revolve around the Earth. And the medieval model of the "cozy cosmos" gradually began to collapse, and the stellar abyss opened before man (Fig. 2).
 
 ![](./media/image219.jpg)
-_Figure 2. When telescopes were opened, it became clear to everyone that there was no star dome but an infinite abyss of stellar space._
+*Fig. 2. When telescopes were opened, it became clear to everyone that there was no star dome but an infinite abyss of stellar space.*
 
 Since the sixteenth century, as telescopes were improved, astronomers have pushed the horizons of perception of the visible cosmos further and further. The human eye can distinguish only a thousand stars in the sky, but now more than a billion have been described and cataloged. But they are much more, because only in our Galaxy there are about 10 billion stars, and there are already more than 10 billion such galaxies in the Universe. 
 
 In addition to the growth of the number of stars and galaxies, the size of the visible world gradually grew. From planetary orbits and the scale of the Solar System (\\(10^{15}\\) cm) to the size of our Galaxy (\\(10^{23}\\) cm), from the size of our Galaxy to the size of the entire Metagalaxy (\\(10^{28}\\) cm). And gradually (but very rapidly by historical standards) man in self-perception moved from the center of the Universe to the backyard of the Universe (Fig. 3).
 
 ![](./media/image209.jpg)
-_Figure 3. Comparison of the scale of the Solar System with different systems in the Galaxy and Metagalaxy.  Author [Andrew Z. Colvin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Azcolvin429)_
+*Fig. 3. Comparison of the scale of the Solar System with different systems in the Galaxy and Metagalaxy. Author [Andrew Z. Colvin](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:Azcolvin429)*
 
 The visible world of the cosmos has expanded to an incredible size, which must be overcome even at the speed of light in a time of more than 10 million years. And the human scale relative to the Metagalaxy turned out to be 26 orders of magnitude smaller, i.e. a billion billion billion people smaller than the visible Universe.
 
@@ -79,45 +79,45 @@ Despite the "instrumental deadlock”, theoretical physics managed to look 20 or
 To place all particles, objects, and systems from atomic nuclei to the Metagalaxy studied by science on one diagram, we can use the scale of decimal logarithms (Fig. 4), which we will further abbreviate as the S-axis, and the whole interval from \-33 to \+28 as the S-interval.
 
 ![](./media/image70.jpg)
-_Figure 4. The range of sizes of objects known to science on the scale of decimal logarithms for our Universe ranges from the fundamental Planck length of \-33 (\\( 10^{-13}\\) cm) to the Metagalaxy of \+28 (\\(10^{28}\\) cm)_
+*Fig. 4. The range of sizes of objects known to science on the scale of decimal logarithms for our Universe ranges from the fundamental Planck length of \-33 (\\( 10^{-13}\\) cm) to the Metagalaxy of \+28 (\\(10^{28}\\) cm)*
 
 Thus, everything that modern science can study in the Universe is contained within the dimensional range on the decimal logarithm axis from the fundamental Planck length (-33) to the Metagalaxy itself (+28). The total length of this logarithmic interval is exactly 61 orders of magnitude.
 
 On this scale (see Fig. 4) to the left in the range from -33 to -13 is the sub-microcosm region, which is completely unexplored experimentally, so physicists call it Dirac's basement. And it stretches from the Planck length (-33) to the size of atomic nuclei (-13) by 20 orders of magnitude. And to the right of the "Dirac basement," with a step of 5 orders of magnitude are placed nucleons, atoms, cells, man, nuclei of stars, stars, nuclei of galaxies and galaxies themselves. This series of significant objects of our Universe is closed by the Metagalaxy proper \- the visible part of the Universe, which consists of billions of galaxies forming the so-called "foam structure,” by the way, very similar to the neural network of the brain (Fig. 5).
 
 ![](./media/image57.jpg)
-_Figure 5. Foam structure of the Metagalaxy (right), which is very similar in its structure to the neural structure of the brain (left)_
+*Fig. 5. Foam structure of the Metagalaxy (right), which is very similar in its structure to the neural structure of the brain (left)*
 
 And as studies have shown, all the most significant objects of the Universe are located on the logarithmic axis (S-axis) of the sizes of this interval from the proton diameter to the metagalaxy itself strictly periodically with a step of 5 orders of magnitude (Fig. 6).
 
 ![](./media/image176.jpg)
-_Figure 6. All key elements, objects and systems of our Universe are located on the S-axis strictly through 5 orders of magnitude_
+*Fig. 6. All key elements, objects and systems of our Universe are located on the S-axis strictly through 5 orders of magnitude*
 
 The nature of this periodicity and many of its consequences are the subject of this book.
 
 Taking into account the fact that naturally the human eye does not see objects smaller than a speck of dust (\\( 10^{-3}\\) cm), and real distances (not counting the mythological "dome of the sky") for our vision are limited to a hundred kilometers (this is how far a person can see from the top of a mountain, because the "horizon line" hides more distances for us), then before the appearance of the microscope and telescope a person could see and study on the Earth about 5 orders up and down from his scales on the S-axis (Fig. 7). And for many centuries and millennia, the "dimensional corridor of perception" for man was limited to 10 orders of magnitude on the logarithmic axis \- \+5 from man's sizes upwards and \-5 from man's sizes downwards. And only for a negligible by historical standards period of several decades in the beginning of the twentieth century, these 10 orders of perception on the dimensional axis turned into 61 orders.
 
 ![](./media/image224.jpg)
-_Figure 7. Almost all of the history of mankind, have seen no smaller than a speck of dust and no further than the horizon from the top of a mountain \- i.e. 10 orders of magnitude on the S-axis. Only the invention of the microscope and telescope gradually began to expand the scale boundaries of cognition. A sharp breakthrough occurred at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, when the S-range of perception expanded from 10 orders of magnitude to 61 orders of magnitude._
+*Fig. 7. Almost all of the history of mankind, have seen no smaller than a speck of dust and no further than the horizon from the top of a mountain \- i.e. 10 orders of magnitude on the S-axis. Only the invention of the microscope and telescope gradually began to expand the scale boundaries of cognition. A sharp breakthrough occurred at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, when the S-range of perception expanded from 10 orders of magnitude to 61 orders of magnitude.*
 
 It can be allegorically described as follows \- the dimensional curtains of horizons opened and a completely different world of dimensional depths and heights of the Universe collapsed on the collective consciousness of mankind. After that, mankind found itself in a completely different reality and until now (although more than a hundred years have passed), it has not yet had time to comprehend all these depths and heights of our world. And this reality is so unusual and mysterious that it will take decades, maybe even centuries, before the collective human mind will comprehend it. But this reality, besides the alleged humiliation of our self-consciousness, has brought to mankind all the benefits of modern civilization (Fig. 8), which have poured out of the horn of plenty on mankind in the last century from the depths of the microcosm (up to nuclear energy) and from the heights of outer space (e.g., satellite communications).
 
 ## THE THREEFOLD FRACTALITY OF THE UNIVERSE
 
 ![](./media/image245.jpg)
-_Figure 8. "Horn of technological abundance,” which is based on the use of the structures of the microcosm and the grandiose spaces of the cosmos._
+*Fig. 8. "Horn of technological abundance,” which is based on the use of the structures of the microcosm and the grandiose spaces of the cosmos.*
 
 Studies of the regularities of this new reality, begun by the author in the 1970s, were reflected in numerous articles and in the final book, which is presented here for the reader's judgment. The results of the studies of these parametric depths and heights turned out to be so unusual and surprising that they attracted the attention of journalists and scientists, up to academicians of the USSR Academy of Sciences, which made it possible, immediately after these results were made public at the All-Union School-Seminar on Classification Theory in Bork (October 1979), to publish them in the leading popular journals of the USSR, such as "Znanie sila", "Nauka i zhizn", "Khimiya i zhizn", "Tehnika-molodezhi"... as well as in the collections of the Moscow State University and in the reports of the USSR Academy of Sciences.
 
 The main result of this study was the discovery of wave periodicity along the S-axis (Fig. 9).
 
 ![](./media/image174.jpg)
-_Fig.9. Scale periodicity with a step of 5 orders of magnitude can be represented as a "scale wave" with a period of 10 orders of magnitude. At the top are objects and structures at the bottom are their nuclei._
+*Fig.9. Scale periodicity with a step of 5 orders of magnitude can be represented as a "scale wave" with a period of 10 orders of magnitude. At the top are objects and structures at the bottom are their nuclei.*
 
 Another undoubtedly valuable discovery was the undeniable fact that the average size of a living cell of 50 microns is exactly at the proportional center of the Universe, which moves biological life from a planetary, terrestrial phenomenon to a universal one. A living cell is as many times larger than a maximon as it is smaller than the Metagalaxy (Fig. 10).
 
 ![](./media/image213.jpg)
-_Fig. 10. A living cell is as many times larger than the smallest particle in the Universe, the maximon, as it_
+*Fig. 10. A living cell is as many times larger than the smallest particle in the Universe, the maximon, as it*
 
 Is smaller than the entire Metagalaxy.
 
@@ -128,12 +128,12 @@ In the 60s, of the twentieth century, Soviet academician M.A. Markov put forward
 M.A. Markov went further and based on GR proved that inside such particles there can be a whole Universe with its galaxies and possibly inhabitants, and our Universe, having sizes \\(10^{28}\\) cm, can be one of the fundamental particles of the higher world Meta-Universe.
 
 ![](./media/image210.jpg)
-_Fig. 11. The scale-cyclic model of the world according to M.A. Markov. According to this model, our Universe is just one link in a long (possibly infinite) scale chain of universes._
+*Fig. 11. The scale-cyclic model of the world according to M.A. Markov. According to this model, our Universe is just one link in a long (possibly infinite) scale chain of universes.*
 
 Since maximons can be lower-level universes, this makes the large Universe globally fractal at the level of "ordinary" universes. Moreover, it seems that our Universe can be self-similar and fractal within its size range as well (Fig. 12)
 
 ![](./media/image24.jpg)
-_Figure 12. Self-similar "fractality" of the structures of our Universe_
+*Fig. 12. Self-similar "fractality" of the structures of our Universe*
 
 So, if we stay within the dimensional limits of "our Universe,” then on the logarithmic axis it extends from \-33 (Maximons) to \+28 (Metagalaxy) by 61 orders of magnitude. And all these layers deep into matter and upward (into the heavens) were discovered and studied very quickly in a record time period from the late 19th century to the 1930s, when the true size of the Metagalaxy became clear.
 
@@ -153,12 +153,12 @@ The discovery of a new dimension of the Universe has led to the conclusion that
 
 ![](./media/image229.jpg)
 
-_Fig. 13. In the large-scale center of the Universe there is not only a living cell, but also a "grain of the world memory", which has an almost infinite memory that allows a person incarnating anew each time to use all the experience accumulated in previous incarnations_
+*Fig. 13. In the large-scale center of the Universe there is not only a living cell, but also a "grain of the world memory", which has an almost infinite memory that allows a person incarnating anew each time to use all the experience accumulated in previous incarnations*
 
 And man himself with his average height of 162 cm (+2 on the S-axis) in the S-dimension of life on the planet is exactly in its S-center (Fig. 14).
 
 ![](./media/image46.jpg)
 
-_Fig. 14. Man is as many times larger than the smallest particle of life \- a virus \- as he is smaller than the entire Biosphere._
+*Fig. 14. Man is as many times larger than the smallest particle of life \- a virus \- as he is smaller than the entire Biosphere.*
 
 These results, obtained as a result of accurate mathematical calculations, complement religious and esoteric views about the place of life and man in it in the Universe. It becomes quite obvious that science, which is extremely cautious about such religious and esoteric views, thanks to the discovery and study of the properties of a dimension new for mankind (but basic for the Universe) comes to the same conclusions about the place of man in our world.