nixpkgs/nixos/modules/system/boot/loader/external/external.md

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External Bootloader Backends

NixOS has support for several bootloader backends by default: systemd-boot, grub, uboot, etc. The built-in bootloader backend support is generic and supports most use cases. Some users may prefer to create advanced workflows around managing the bootloader and bootable entries.

You can replace the built-in bootloader support with your own tooling using the "external" bootloader option.

Imagine you have created a new package called FooBoot. FooBoot provides a program at ${pkgs.fooboot}/bin/fooboot-install which takes the system closure's path as its only argument and configures the system's bootloader.

You can enable FooBoot like this:

{ pkgs, ... }: {
  boot.loader.external = {
    enable = true;
    installHook = "${pkgs.fooboot}/bin/fooboot-install";
  };
}

Developing Custom Bootloader Backends

Bootloaders should use RFC-0125's Bootspec format and synthesis tools to identify the key properties for bootable system generations.