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nixpkgs/nixos/doc/manual/installation/building-images-via-nixos-rebuild-build-image.chapter.md

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Building Images with nixos-rebuild build-image

Nixpkgs contains a variety of modules to build custom images for different virtualization platforms and cloud providers, such as e.g. amazon-image.nix and proxmox-lxc.nix.

While those can be imported individually, system.build.images provides an attribute set mapping variant names to image derivations. Available variants are defined - end extendable - in image.modules, an attribute set mapping variant names to a list of NixOS modules.

All of those images can be built via both, their system.build.image attribute, and the CLI nixos-rebuild build-image. To build i.e. an Amazon image from your existing NixOS configuration:

$ nixos-rebuild build-image --image-variant amazon
$ ls result
nixos-image-amazon-25.05pre-git-x86_64-linux.vhd  nix-support

To get a list of all variants available, run nixos-rebuild build-image without arguments.

Customize specific image variants

The image.modules option can be used to set specific options per image variant, in a similar fashion as specialisations for generic nixos configurations.

E.g. images for the cloud provider Linode use grub2 as a bootloader by default. If you are using systemd-boot on other platforms and want to disable it for Linode onlz, you could use the following options:

  image.modules.linode = {
    boot.loader.systemd-boot.enable = lib.mkForce false;
  };